Table 4.
Analytical Methods used for the Measurement of Hair Cortisol: Summary of the Published Literature
| Author Name(s) |
Year | Journal Name |
Extraction method | Purification method | Detection method | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russell, Kirschbaum, Laundenslager [19] | 2014 | Ther Drug Monit |
Washing:
isopropanol 2–3 times, 3 min-Dresden, Colorado, & Western NW- Erasmus Cutting: CH-Western & Erasmus MH-Dresden & Colorado Extraction: All groups-MeOH |
n/a |
ELISA:
Western- (Alpco Salem, NH), Colorado (Salimetric, Pennsylvania), Erasmus- (DRG Instruments GmbH, Marburg, Germany). Luminescence immunoassay: Dresden- (IBL International, Hamburg, Germany) LCMS: Dresden & Erasmus |
Method comparison: 4 labs Unit: ng/g Subjects: human hair- Dresden, Western, Erasmus vervet monkey- Colorado Age: not reported |
| Noppe, Van Rossum, Koper [27] | 2014 | Horm Res Paediatr | NW; CH, 25–40 mg; MeOH 16 hr, 52°C; evap, 37°C, N2; 250 µl PBS | n/a | ELISA range, 2–80 ng/ml (DRG Instruments GmbH, Marburg, Germany) |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: children Age: 4–14 yr Sex: mixed Race: Caucasian |
| Simmons, Whittle, Patton [34] | 2014 | BMC Peds | Isopropanol wash, 3min, 2–3 times; MH, 50 mg; MeOH, 24 hr, 25°C; evap, 37°C N2; 4 ml PBS | n/a | ELISA range, 0.012–3.000 µg/dL (Salimetric,Pennsylvania) |
Unit: not reported Subjects: children Age: m=9.51yr Sex: mixed Race: not reported |
| Steude, Kirschbaum, Gao [35] | 2013 | Biol Psychiatry | Isopropanol wash; MH, 10 mg; MeOH 18 hr, 45°C; evap conditions not reported; 250 µl ddH20 | n/a | LCMS |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: adults Age: m=36.41 Sex: mixed Race: Caucasian |
| Palmer, Anand, Graff [15] | 2013 | J Peds | NW; CH, 5–50 mg; MeOH, 52°C, overnight (2–3 times); air evap 4°C; PBS (150 µl/10mg) | n/a | ELISA range, 0–100 ng/ml, (Alpco Diagnostics, Salem, NH) |
Unit: ng/mg Subjects: Children Age: 1 yr Sex: mixed Race: African & Caucasian |
| Grunau, Cepada, Chau [36] | 2013 | PLOS One | Isopropanol wash (twice); CH, 10–15 mg; MeOH, 16 hr, 50°C; evap, hot plate N2; 250 µl PBS | n/a | ELISA range, 0–100 ng/ml, (Alpco Salem, NH) |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: Children Age: mean= 7.8 yrs Sex: mixed Race: Caucasian & Asian |
| Hinkelmann Muhtz, Dettenborn [37] | 2013 | Biol Psychiatry | Isopropanol wash; 10 mg hair; MeOH, 18 hr, 45°C; 250 µl ddH2O | n/a | LCMS |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: Humans Age: not reported Sex: not reported Race: not reported |
| Karlen, Frostell, Theodorsson [17] | 2013 | Peds | NW; MH, at least >5mg hair; N2 frozen; MeOH overnight, 25°C (once); evap, vac; 150 µl 0.1 mol/L PBS, 0.02% BS | n/a | RIA |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: Children Age: 1,3,5,8 yr Sex: mixed Race: Caucasian |
| Vaghri, Guhn, Weinburg [16] | 2013 | Psychoneuroendocrino | Isopropanol wash (twice); MH, 30 mg hair; MeOH 24 hr, 25°C (twice); evap, air dried; ELISA kit dil | n/a | ELISA range, 0.012–3.000 µg/dL (Salimetric, Pennsylvania) |
Unit: ng/mg Subjects: children Age: 4–6 yr Sex: mixed Race: mixed |
| Groeneveld, Vermeer, Linting [18] | 2013 | Stress | NW; CH, 20–30 mg; MeOH, 16 hr, 52°C; evap N2; 250 µl PBS |
n/a | ELISA range, 2–80 ng/ml (DRG Instruments GmbH, Marburg, Germany) |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: Children Age: 4–5 yr Sex: mixed Race: Caucasian |
| Manenschijn, Koper, van den Akker [38] | 2012 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab |
NW; CH, 10 mg; MeOH, 16 hr, 52°C; evap; PBS dil (volume not reported) |
n/a | ELISA range, 2–80 ng/ml (DRG GmbH, Marburg, Germany) |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: children & adults Age: 10–76 yr Sex: mixed Race: Caucasian |
| Li, Xie, Gao [39] | 2012 | Clinica Chimica Acta | MeOH wash, then either: a) UV irradiation @ 254 nm; b) in hot water (40, 65, 80°C), or c) immersed in 10% shampoo solution, 4 hr; 20 mg hair; MeOH, 24 hr, 40°C; N2 dried; 50µl MeOH & 1ml H20 | MeOH elution | HPLC/MS |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: Adolescents Age: 14–18 yr Sex: mixed Race: Asian |
| D’Anna – Hernandezez, Ross, Natvig [40] | 2011 | Physiol Behav | Isopropanol wash; MH, 50 mg; MeOH 24 hr, 25°C; N2 dried; 400 µl assay buffer | n/a | ELISA range 0.003–3.0 µg/dl (Salimetric, Pennsylvania) |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: Pregnant females Age: 18–45 yr Sex: female Race: not reported |
| Karlen, Ludvigsson, Frostell [41] | 2011 | BMC Clin Path | NW, 5–17 mg; N2 frozen, MH; MeOH, 10 hr, 25°C (once); evap, N2; PBS, 0.02% BSA (150 µl) | n/a | RIA |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: Humans Age: not reported Sex: mixed Race: not reported |
| Gao, Xie, Jin [42] | 2010 | Clin Biochem | MeOH wash, 2 min; MH, 50 mg; Soerensen buffer or 0.1 M NaCl or 0.1M NaOH); 16 hr, 40°C; N2 evap; 50 µl MeOH | MeOH | HPLC |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: adults Age: not reported Sex: mixed Race: Asian |
| Raul, Cirmele, Ludes [43] | 2004 | Clin Biochem | Dichloromethane wash, 2 min (twice); MH, 30–100 mg; Sorensen buffer, 16 hr, 40°C; 5 ml NaOH 0.2M | column eluted | HPLC/MS |
Unit: pg/mg Subjects: Humans Age: not reported Sex: mixed Race: not reported |
Abbreviations: Not applicable (n/a) Milled Hair (MH); Cut Hair (CH); No Wash (NW); Methanol (MeOH); Methylene Chloride (CH2Cl2); hours (hr); minutes (min); Room Temperature (RT); Liquid (LQ), Evaporation (evap); Diluent (dil); Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS); High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); Liquid Chromatography (LC) Mass Spectrometer (MS); Radioimmunoassay (RIA); Nitrogen (N2); Bovine Serum (BS); Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA); double-distilled (dd) water (H20); Mean (m); Molar (M); Vacuum (vac)