Table 2.
Bivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Pharmacy Syringe Purchases among 18–30 Year Old Persons Who Inject Drugs, San Diego and San Francisco, California
| Purchased Syringe from a Pharmacy in the last 3 months?
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Yes n (%) | No n (%) | Odds Ratios | 95% CI | P-Value |
| Year of Interview (n=583) | <.001 | ||||
| 2008–2009 | 48 (19.8) | 195 (80.2) | 1 | ||
| 2010–2011 | 131 (38.5) | 209 (61.5) | 2.55 | 1.73–3.74 | |
| Location (n=583) | <.001 | ||||
| San Diego | 57 (16.9) | 281 (83.1) | 1 | ||
| San Francisco | 122 (49.8) | 123 (50.2) | 4.89 | 3.35–7.14 | |
| Age (years) (n=583) | 0.289 | ||||
| 18–25 | 93 (28.9) | 229 (71.1) | 1 | ||
| 26–30 | 86 (33.0) | 175 (67.1) | 1.21 | 0.85–1.72 | |
| Race (n=565) | <.001 | ||||
| White | 133 (37.4) | 223 (62.6) | 1 | ||
| Non-white | 43 (20.6) | 166 (79.4) | 0.43 | 0.29–0.65 | |
| Gender (n=581) | 0.817 | ||||
| Male | 128 (30.9) | 286 (69.1) | 1 | ||
| Female | 50 (29.9) | 117 (70.1) | 0.96 | 0.65–1.41 | |
| Stable housing (n=578) | <.001 | ||||
| No | 111 (36.6) | 192 (63.4) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 65 (23.6) | 210 (76.4) | 0.54 | 0.37–0.77 | |
| Born in U.S. (n=575) | 0.683 | ||||
| No | 6 (35.3) | 11 (64.7) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 171 (30.7) | 387 (69.4) | 0.81 | 0.3–2.23 | |
| Income source b (n=579) | 0.024 | ||||
| Restricted/prohibited activities | 21 (31.3) | 46 (68.7) | 1 | ||
| Paid work or assistance | 43 (22.5) | 148 (77.5) | 0.64 | 0.34–1.18 | |
| Both of above sources | 107 (35.4) | 195 (64.6) | 1.2 | 0.68–2.12 | |
| Other source | 5 (26.3) | 14 (73.7) | 0.78 | 0.25–2.46 | |
| Education (n=580) | 0.179 | ||||
| <High school | 51 (27) | 138 (73) | 1 | ||
| ≥High school | 127 (32.5) | 264 (67.5) | 1.3 | 0.89–1.91 | |
| Self-reported HCV status (n=561) | 0.015 | ||||
| Negative/Don’t know | 146 (29.3) | 352 (70.7) | 1 | ||
| Positive | 28 (44.4) | 35 (55.6) | 1.93 | 1.13–3.29 | |
| Self-reported HIV status (n=570) | 0.679 | ||||
| Negative/Don’t know | 168 (30.7) | 379 (69.3) | 1 | ||
| Positive | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | 1.2 | 0.5–2.89 | |
| Used local syringe exchange program (n=583) | 0.015 | ||||
| No | 63 (25.3) | 186 (74.7) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 116 (34.7) | 218 (65.3) | 1.57 | 1.09–2.26 | |
| Age first injected drugs (n=564) | 0.727 | ||||
| 0–15 | 32 (27.4) | 85 (72.7) | 1 | ||
| 16–20 | 82 (30.8) | 184 (69.2) | 1.18 | 0.73–1.92 | |
| ≥21 | 57 (31.5) | 124 (68.5) | 1.22 | 0.73–2.04 | |
| Times inject per day (n=578) | 0.162 | ||||
| 0–2 | 72 (28.2) | 183 (71.8) | 1 | ||
| 3–5 | 83 (30.7) | 187 (69.3) | 1.13 | 0.78–1.64 | |
| ≥6 | 22 (41.5) | 31 (58.5) | 1.8 | 0.98–3.32 | |
| First drug injected (n=564) | 0.370 | ||||
| Heroin | 110 (32.6) | 227 (67.4) | 1 | ||
| Other drugs | 66 (29.1) | 161 (70.9) | 0.85 | 0.59–1.22 | |
| Drugs injected in last 3 months (n=511) | 0.163 | ||||
| Heroin | 127 (35.6) | 230 (64.4) | 1 | ||
| Other than heroin | 45 (29.2) | 109 (70.8) | 0.75 | 0.5–1.13 | |
| Lent a used syringe (n=564) | 0.582 | ||||
| No | 91 (30.0) | 212 (70.0) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 84 (32.2) | 177 (67.8) | 1.11 | 0.77–1.58 | |
| Shared a cooker (n=577) | 0.019 | ||||
| No | 60 (25.4) | 176 (74.6) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 118 (34.6) | 223 (65.4) | 1.55 | 1.07–2.24 | |
| Share rinse water (n=576) | 0.319 | ||||
| No | 97 (32.8) | 199 (67.2) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 81 (28.9) | 199 (71.1) | 0.84 | 0.59–1.19 | |
a
per year of increase
b
P-value obtained using Fisher’s Exact Test