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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Chem Soc. 2015 Sep 10;137(37):12024–12034. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b05916

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Schematic representation of the modulus of the electric field created by the environment in the center of the eight-membered ring, E, (purple arrow) and the angle α defined between this vector and the dipole associated to the substrate ion-pair formation, Δµ (green arrow).