Table 2.
Amino acid concentrations
| Plasmaa | Urineb | |||
| HD patients | Controls | HD patients | Controls | |
| Alanine | 256 (235-393) | 288 (236-444) | 37.0 (21.5-43.2) | 28.5 (27.6-39.1) |
| Arginine | 99 (69-107) | 102 (71-109) | 2.2 (1.5-2.7) | 2.0 (1.7-2.9) |
| Asparagine | 42 (34-51) | 52 (37-58) | 13.6 (8.8-23.2) | 14.8 (10.7-16.0) |
| Aspartic acid | 9 (8-13) | 11 (11-13) | 12.6 (11.3-14.2) | 11.6 (10.7-12.5) |
| Citrulline | 38 (32-47) | 42 (39-45) | 0.5 (0.5-2.0)c | 0.5 (0.5-0.8)c |
| Cystathionine | 2 (2-3) | 2 (2-3) | 2.3 (0.9-2.7)c | 1.1 (0.5-2.5)c |
| Cystine | - | - | 7.1 (5.8-9.7) | 5.6 (4.8-6.5) |
| Glutamine | 626 (530-685) | 611 (550-692) | 59.3 (35.9-84.0) | 45.3 (43.0-57.8) |
| Glutamic acid | 40 (32-67) | 40 (34-52) | 2.9 (2.3-4.0) | 2.7 (2.0-3.3) |
| Glycine | 223 (158-282) | 256 (209-307) | 129.1 (105.2-286.0) | 136.1 (118.5-197.7) |
| Histidine | 75 (63-92) | 82 (74-88) | 78.1 (46.6-139.7) | 79.3 (59.0-94.7) |
| Isoleucine | 60 (53-80) | 68 (57-82) | 1.5 (0.5-1.7)c | 1.1 (0.5-1.6)c |
| Leucine | 133 (104-149) | 140 (101-164) | 2.9 (2.0-4.1) | 3.0 (2.2-3.4) |
| Lysine | 183 (141-218) | 187 (176-213) | 24.6 (20.9-49.0) | 23.4 (20.6-30.9) |
| Methionine | 24 (20-32) | 24 (22-34) | 2.3 (1.7-2.5) | 1.8 (1.4-2.4) |
| Ornithine | 47 (42-58) | 47 (39-59) | 2.6 (1.3-3.1) | 3.0 (1.7-3.9) |
| Phenylalanine | 62 (51-76) | 61 (53-73) | 6.8 (5.3-8.7) | 5.6 (4.1-6.7) |
| Proline | 191 (154-247) | 190 (168-264) | ND | ND |
| Serine | 105 (77-125) | 111 (107-122) | 43.8 (24.0-65.0) | 41.4 (35.9-44.6) |
| Taurine | 33 (29-43) | 34 (32-43) | 84.2 (33.5-100.7) | 64.3 (22.9-95.9) |
| Threonine | 113 (95-161) | 123 (113-146) | 19.1 (10.9-25.6) | 15.9 (11.2-18.1) |
| Tryptophan | 59 (36-72) | 56 (50-67) | ND | ND |
| Tyrosine | 55 (42-64) | 55 (49-66) | 10.1 (7.3-16.8) | 9.8(6.6-12.1) |
| Valine | 246 (202-257) | 247 (203-261) | 4.4 (3.2-6.9) | 3.9 (3.3-5.0) |