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. 2015 Sep 14;11(11):1272–1280. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.12108

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Role of AMPK activation in prevention of palmitate-induced INS-1E cell apoptosis by AICAR and metformin. (A) Effects of AICAR or metformin on AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in INS-1E cells exposed to 0.25 mM palmitate with or without compounds for 16 h. Representative immunoblots were shown and protein contents were quantified separately from four independent experiments. (B, C) INS-1E cells were preincubated with or without compound C (10 μM) for 30 min, and then exposed to 0.25 mM palmitate with or without 1 mM AICAR (B) or 2 mM metformin (C) for 16 h, followed by immunoblotting of AMPK and ACC phosphorylation and cleaved caspase 3 (representative immunoblots; quantification of cleaved caspase 3 protein levels from four independent experiments). #P<0.05 and ##P<0.01 vs cells exposed to 0.25 mM palmitate; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs corresponding columns as indicated; ns, not significant. Palm, palmitate; Met, metformin.