Table 3.

Predictors of Parent Involvement for Latino Immigrants.

	School-based involvement (P)			School-based involvement (T)			Home-based involvement (T)
	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p
Socioeconomic and demographic (SES) characteristics
Parent employed for pay	−.021	.070	.76	−.038	.060	.53	−.183	.106	.09
Parent graduated high school	.094	.077	.22	.023	.065	.73	.367	.111	.001
Married or living with partner	.026	.078	.75	−.062	.065	.34	.158	.114	.17
Living in poverty	.017	.078	.83	−.087	.062	.16	−.379	.109	<.001
Child gender	−.002	.062	.97	.013	.047	.79	−.085	.084	.31
Parental cultural characteristics
U.S. Am identity	−.015	.039	.70	−.034	.031	.28	−.022	.059	.71
U.S. Am cultural competence	.174	.080	.03	−.039	.064	.55	.085	.115	.46
Ethnic identity	.229	.112	.04	−.091	.086	.29	.008	.153	.96
Ethnic cultural competence	.080	.048	.10	.004	.038	.91	.044	.069	.52
English language competence	−.106	.069	.12	.066	.051	.18	.117	.096	.22
Years of residence in the United States	.011	.006	.07	.000	.005	.92	.003	.009	.73
Teacher characteristics
Parent–teacher consonance	−.009	.074	.91	.252	.099	.01	−.084	.150	.57
Years of teaching experience	.002	.005	.72	.004	.006	.49	.012	.010	.23
Parent involvement practices	.015	.051	.77	.166	.070	.02	.048	.103	.64
Self-efficacy	−.088	.080	.28	−.006	.109	.95	.056	.160	.73
School-wide support	.084	.076	.27	−.003	.098	.98	.175	.144	.23
SES/demo factors R2		.01			.01			.10
Parent factors ΔR2		.06			.01			.02
Teacher factors ΔR2		.02			.10			.04
Total R2		.07			.13			.17

Note. Three sets of mixed-model analyses were conducted. Analyses for parent cultural and teacher characteristics controlled for family socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Estimates and standard errors from mixed models are presented. P = parent rating; T = teacher rating; Am = American.