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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Mod Opt. 2015 May 12;62(12):949–970. doi: 10.1080/09500340.2015.1010620

Figure 3. Typical experimental set ups for optogenetic stimulation and characterization.

Figure 3

Top: In-vitro optogenetic stimulation set up integrated with patch clamp recording and optical imaging ability. SL: Stimulation Laser; BE: Beam Expander; S: Shutter; NDF: Neutral Density Filter; FL: Focusing Lens for coupling to optical fiber; FEL: Fluorescence Excitation Lamp; Ex: Excitation Filter; DM: Dichroic Mirror; Em: Emission Filter; MO: Microscope Objective; SC: sample Chamber; CL: Condenser Lens; M: Mirror; HAL: Halogen Lamp. Bottom: Set-up for in-vivo fiber-optic optogenetic stimulation, electrophysiological recording and optical detection. M: Mirror; DM: Dichroic Mirror; Em: Emission Filter.