Table 1.
General characteristics of the women population with spontaneous abortion (SA) and non-SA at the time of enrollment in the Health Examinee Study (HEXA), a cohort study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) in the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), 2004-2012
| No.=80,447 | Spontaneous Abortion | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| N=62,637 | N=17,810 | ||
| N (%) | N (%) | p-value* | |
| Attained education ≥12 years | 14,598 (23.3) | 4,484 (25.2) | <0.001 |
| Cigarette smoking before the first pregnancy | 538 (0.859) | 154 (0.865) | 0.002 |
| Ever consumed alcohol1 | 21,222 (33.9) | 6,139 (34.5) | <0.001 |
| Regular exercise | 32,437 (51.8) | 9,211 (51.7) | 0.305 |
| Medical history before pregnancy | |||
| Hypertension | 37 (0.06) | 9 (0.05) | 0.687 |
| Diabetes | 20 (0.02) | 3 (0.02) | 0.291 |
| Chronic liver disease | 154 (0.25) | 35 (0.20) | 0.266 |
| Tuberculosis | 2,067 (3.30) | 587 (3.30) | 0.878 |
| Thyroid disease | 211 (0.34) | 73 (0.41) | 0.138 |
| Reproductive factors | |||
| Menarche age (years) | 0.071 | ||
| ≤14 | 23,559 (37.6) | 6,830 (38.4) | |
| 15 | 14,077 (22.5) | 3,845 (21.6) | |
| ≥16 | 23,903 (38.2) | 6 816 (38.3) | |
| First pregnancy age | <0.001 | ||
| ≤23 | 19,199 (30.7) | 5,093 (28.6) | |
| 24–26 | 25,066 (40.0) | 7,029 (39.5) | |
| ≥27 | 18,372 (29.3) | 5,688 (31.9) | |
| First pregnancy outcome | |||
| Stillbirth | 393 (0.63) | 178 (1.00) | <0.001 |
| Extrauterine pregnancy | 195 (0.31) | 67 (0.38) | 0.184 |
| Artificial abortion | 7,467 (12.0) | 1,466 (8.3) | |
| Number of children | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 6,358 (10.2) | 2,062 (11.8) | |
| 2 | 37,754 (60.8) | 9,974 (57.0) | |
| 3+ | 17,866 (28.8) | 5,420 (30.1) | |
| Gestational diabetes | 569 (0.91) | 211 (1.18) | <0.001 |
| Gestational hypertension | 2,966 (4.7) | 1,065 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| Macrosomia (>4.0kg) | 4,406 (7.0) | 1,646 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| Microsomia (<2.5kg) | 2,390 (3.8) | 995 (5.6) | <0.001 |
*p–value from χ 2–test
1Due to lack of information about age of beginning of drinking, usual drinkers were included in this category