Table 2.
Study sample characteristics
| Cases N (%) or mean ± SD, IQR | Controls N (%) or mean ± SD, IQR | Missing case, control | pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N | 44 | 38 | ||
| Gestational diabetes | 8 (21 %) | 4 (13 %) | 5, 7 | 0.58 |
| Parity | 3, 1 | 0.24 | ||
| 0 | 23 (56 %) | 15 (41 %) | ||
| 1 | 7 (17 %) | 13 (35 %) | ||
| 2 | 9 (22 %) | 6 (16 %) | ||
| 3 | 2 (5 %) | 3 (8 %) | ||
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 5 (18 %) | 2 (9 %) | 16, 16 | 0.47 |
| Maternal age (years)* | 32.3 ± 4.9, | 29.6 ± 6.3, | 1, 0 | 0.04* |
| 28.7–35.1 | 24.5–35.1 | |||
| Months breastfed in previous pregnancies | 3.4 ± 5.8, | 6.2 ± 8.8, | 14, 8 | 0.51 |
| 0–4.0 | 0–10.8 | |||
| Mother’s weight before pregnancy (kg) | 68.6 ± 16.7, | 68.6 ± 19.7, | 5, 8 | 0.92 |
| 56.0–75.7 | 57.2–71.0 | |||
| Length of gestation (weeks)* | 39.4 ± 2.9, | 38.2 ± 3.0, | 6, 7 | 0.04* |
| 38.8–41.0 | 37.6–40.6 | |||
| Birth weight (g) | 3460 ± 680, | 3170 ± 770, | 5, 7 | 0.07 |
| 3200–3875 | 2955–3630 | |||
| Duration of exclusive breastfeeding (months) | 2.7 ± 2.1, | 2.8 ± 2.1, | 5, 4 | 0.87 |
| 0.85–4.0 | 1.0–4.0 | |||
| Total duration of breastfeeding (months) | 5.8 ± 4.5, | 7.1 ± 5.7, | 4, 5 | 0.26 |
| 2.0–8.0 | 3.0–12.0 | |||
| Age at operation (years) | 2.3 ± 1.0, | 2.9 ± 2.2, | 0, 0 | 0.53 |
| 1.9–2.5 | 1.2–4.0 |
IQR Interquartile range. aFor the difference between cases and controls. *Statistically significant (p < 0.05)