Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2015 Sep 18;10:5837–5851. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S86186

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2015 Ascenso et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

PMC Copyright notice

(A) Cumulative amount of caffeine UDV formulation (prepared with sodium cholate) released over 6 hours, expressed as mean ± SD. (n=6 per formulation). (B) Cumulative amount of caffeine UDV formulation (prepared with sodium cholate) released over 6 hours relative to the applied amount, expressed as mean ± SD (n=6 per formulation). (C) Cumulative amount of Caffeine solution controls released over 6 hours, expressed as mean ± SD (n=3 per control). (D) Cumulative amount of caffeine solution controls released over 6 hours relative to the applied amount, expressed as mean ± SD (n=3 per control).

Notes: Statistical analysis: two-way analysis of variance with duplicates and all pairwise multiple comparison procedures; means with different letters (a,b and c) are significantly different (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: E caf, caffeine-loaded ethosomes; Solution Control E, control solution for ethosomes; Solution Control T, control solution for transfersomes; Solution Control TE, control solution for transethosomes; SD, standard deviation; T caf NaCo, caffeine-loaded sodium cholate transfersomes; TE caf NaCo, caffeine-loaded sodium cholate transethosomes; UDV, ultradeformable vesicles.