. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 25.

Published in final edited form as: Read Res Q. 2013 Jan 3;48(1):9–26. doi: 10.1002/rrq.035

TABLE 1.

Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations in Innovative Reading/Language Arts Context (Pre- and Postassessment)

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1. Intrinsic	—	.45^**	−.32^**	.74^**	−.71^**	.60^**	−.27^**	.63^**	−.73^**	−.13^**	.00	−.18^**	−.16^**	−.10^**	.24^**
2. Self-efficacy	.34^**	—	−.74^**	.50^**	−.40^**	.50^**	−.29^**	.61^**	−.47^**	.22^**	−.01	−.03	.04	.27^**	.25^**
3. Perceived difficulty	−.23^**	−.71^**	—	−.37^**	.39^**	−.36^**	.33^**	−.47^**	.51^**	−.21^**	.06	.06	−.02	−.28^**	−.29^**
4. Value	.60^**	.42^**	−.28^**	—	−.81^**	.72^**	−.40^**	.79^**	−.71^**	−.12^**	.06	−.18^**	−.16^**	−.09^**	.17^**
5. Devalue	−.61^**	−.31^**	.34^**	−.74^**	—	−.58^**	.43^**	−.67^**	.81^**	.11^**	−.02	.18^**	.16^**	.09^**	−.19^**
6. Prosocial goals	.45^**	.38^**	−.20^**	.61^**	−.47^**	—	−.43^**	.75^**	−.57^**	−.01	.16^**	−.06	−.05	.02	.14^**
7. Antisocial goals	−.21^**	−.22^**	.24^**	−.36^**	.45^**	−.39^**	—	−.51^**	.44^**	−.11^**	−.18^**	.00	−.02	−.15^**	−.07^*
8. Dedication	.52^**	.50^**	−.35^**	.78^**	−.62^**	.63^**	−.42^**	—	−.68^**	.03	.11^**	−.12^**	−.06	.07^*	.23^**
9. Avoidance	−.66^**	−.42^**	.46^**	−.59^**	.72^**	−.40^**	.41^**	−.60^**	—	.00	.03	.13^**	.10^**	−.03	−.23^**
10. Informational text comprehension (pre)	−.05	.26^**	−.30^**	−.03	.00	.06	−.17^**	.11^**	−.17^**	—	−.07^*	.30^**	.30^**	.72^**	.06
11. Gender	.02	−.02	.06^*	.11^**	−.06	.22^**	−.18^**	.16^**	−.04	−.05	—	−.05	−.10^**	−.06	−.03
12. Ethnicity	−.13^**	−.03	−.00	−.14^**	.15^**	−.01	−.02	−.06	.05	.28^**	−.06	—	.36^**	.23^**	−.17^**
13. Free and reduced- price meals	−.17^**	.04	−.05	−.09^**	.01^**	−.01	−.07^*	−.02	.01	.31^**	−.08^**	.34^**	—	.32^**	−.05
14. Informational text comprehension (post)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	.11^**
15. Instruction	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
M (pre)	1.98	2.91	2.22	2.65	2.59	2.72	1.66	2.81	2.70	16.02	—	—	—	—	—
SD (pre)	0.60	0.57	0.65	0.65	0.74	0.58	0.66	0.62	0.68	4.62	—	—	—	—	—
M (post)	2.15	3.07	1.97	2.60	2.57	2.79	1.58	2.88	2.55	16.06	—	—	—	16.30	—
SD (post)	0.68	0.63	0.67	0.74	0.79	0.63	0.61	0.65	0.73	4.68	—	—	—	4.64	—

Note. N = 1,020 (pre). N = 970 (post). Preassessment is shown in the lower left. Postassessment is shown in the upper right.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.