Table 2.
Sample maternal and child characteristics according to maternal prepregnancy BMI status, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, United States, 2001–2004
| Sample characteristics | Underweight (n =500) n (%)a | Normal weight (n =3850) n (%)a | Overweight (n =1550) n (%)a | Obese class I (n =600) n (%)a | Obese class II and III (n =400) n (%)a | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, y | <0.001 | |||||
| 15–19 | 100 (20) | 550 (13) | 150 (8) | <50 (6) | <50 (7) | |
| 20–24 | 150 (31) | 900 (24) | 450 (26) | 150 (25) | 100 (25) | |
| 25–29 | 100 (23) | 950 (27) | 350 (26) | 150 (33) | 100 (27) | |
| 30–34 | 100 (21) | 900 (23) | 350 (25) | 150 (23) | 100 (28) | |
| 35–50 | <50 (5) | 600 (13) | 250 (16) | 100 (12) | 50 (14) | |
| Maternal race-ethnicity | <0.001 | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 200 (58) | 1800 (63) | 750 (61) | 250 (56) | 200 (56) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 50 (14) | 550 (13) | 300 (14) | 150 (19) | 100 (25) | |
| Hispanic | 50 (19) | 550 (18) | 300 (22) | 100 (24) | 50 (17) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian | 150 (8) | 750 (5) | 150 (2) | <50 (1) | <50 (1) | |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | <50 (1) | 150 (1) | 100 (1) | <50 (1) | <50 (1) | |
| Maternal marital status | 0.002 | |||||
| Married | 300 (59) | 2650 (69) | 1000 (70) | 350 (66) | 250 (61) | |
| Unmarried | 200 (41) | 1250 (31) | 500 (30) | 200 (34) | 150 (39) | |
| Maternal schooling, y | <0.001 | |||||
| <12 | 100 (26) | 750 (20) | 300 (21) | 100 (20) | 50 (20) | |
| 12 | 150 (40) | 1100 (30) | 500 (32) | 200 (34) | 150 (38) | |
| 13–15 | 100 (20) | 800 (21) | 350 (23) | 150 (26) | 100 (29) | |
| ≥16 | 100 (15) | 1250 (30) | 350 (25) | 100 (19) | 50 (13) | |
| Maternal parity | <0.001 | |||||
| Primiparous | 250 (52) | 1700 (43) | 600 (36) | 200 (33) | 150 (33) | |
| Multiparous | 250 (48) | 2150 (57) | 950 (64) | 400 (68) | 250 (67) | |
| Maternal prenatal smoking | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 400 (81) | 3450 (89) | 1350 (91) | 500 (86) | 350 (88) | |
| Yes | 100 (19) | 400 (11) | 200 (9) | 100 (14) | 50 (12) | |
| Household poverty | <0.001 | |||||
| <185% | 250 (56) | 1600 (41) | 800 (47) | 300 (49) | 200 (57) | |
| ≥185% | 250 (45) | 2300 (59) | 750 (53) | 300 (51) | 150 (43) | |
| Child sex | 0.76 | |||||
| Male | 250 (50) | 2000 (51) | 800 (53) | 300 (50) | 200 (47) | |
| Female | 250 (50) | 1850 (49) | 750 (47) | 300 (50) | 200 (53) | |
| Delayed mental development | 0.006 | |||||
| No | 400 (81) | 3350 (88) | 1300 (86) | 500 (87) | 300 (81) | |
| Yes | 100 (19) | 550 (12) | 250 (14) | 100 (13) | 50 (19) | |
| Delayed motor development | 0.87 | |||||
| No | 400 (85) | 3300 (86) | 1300 (85) | 500 (86) | 350 (84) | |
| Yes | 100 (15) | 600 (14) | 250 (15) | 100 (14) | 50 (17) |
a
Presented an unweighted sample size rounded to the nearest 50 and a weighted percentage per data agreement with the Department of Education. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.