Table 2. Incidence rates and hazard ratios for CKD, ESRD, and GN in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
| Variable | CKD | ESRD | GN | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.50 (1.41–1.60) ‡ | 1.31 (1.23 to 1.4) ‡ | 1.22 (1.02–1.46) † | 1.08(0.90–1.29) | 1.74 (1.53–1.974) ‡ | 1.55(1.37–1.76) ‡ |
| Incidence rate a | 18.34 | 2.44 | 4.38 | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | ND | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | ND | 1.23 (1.05–1.45) † | 1.47(1.25–1.74) ‡ | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) † | 1.01(0.89–1.15) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 30–39 | 1.45 (1.19–1.76) ‡ | 1.27(1.05–1.54) † | 1.85 (0.96–3.58) | 1.75(0.91–3.40) | 1.24 (0.87–1.77) | 1.15(0.80–1.63) |
| 40–49 | 2.44 (2.06–2.89) ‡ | 1.57(1.32–1.87) ‡ | 3.03 (1.67–5.5) ‡ | 2.23(1.22–4.07) ‡ | 2.08 (1.52–2.82) ‡ | 1.55(1.13–2.12) † |
| 50–59 | 4.09 (3.47–4.82) ‡ | 1.83(1.54–2.17) ‡ | 5.82 (3.27–10.34) ‡ | 3.15(1.74–5.69) ‡ | 3.10 (2.30–4.19) ‡ | 1.76(1.29–2.42) ‡ |
| 60–69 | 6.24 (5.3–7.35) ‡ | 2.12(1.78–2.52) ‡ | 11.1 (6.3–19.56) ‡ | 4.49(2.48–8.10) ‡ | 4.45 (3.30–6.00) ‡ | 2.03(1.47–2.80) ‡ |
| ≥70 | 8.8 (7.48–10.36) ‡ | 2.82(2.37–3.37) ‡ | 19.6 (11.2–34.31) ‡ | 7.08(3.93–12.75) ‡ | 5.82 (4.32–7.83) ‡ | 2.53(1.83–3.50) ‡ |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | 4.37 (4.1–4.66) ‡ | 1.81(1.68–1.96) ‡ | 5.11 (4.28–6.11) ‡ | 1.73(1.40–2.15) ‡ | 3.02 (2.67–3.42) ‡ | 1.34(1.15–1.56) ‡ |
| Diabetes | 4.23 (3.98–4.49) ‡ | 2.04(1.91–2.18) ‡ | 4.57 (3.88–5.38) ‡ | 2.16(1.81–2.59) ‡ | 2.86 (2.52–3.26) ‡ | 1.47(1.28–1.69) ‡ |
| Cardiovascular disease | 3.51 (3.31–3.72) ‡ | 1.60(1.50–1.71) ‡ | 4.1 (3.48–4.83) ‡ | 1.70(1.42–2.05) ‡ | 3.19 (2.83–3.60) ‡ | 1.74(1.52–2.00) ‡ |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3.3 (3.11–3.5) ‡ | 1.57(1.47–1.68) ‡ | 2.82 (2.39–3.31) ‡ | 1.28(1.07–1.53) ‡ | 2.87 (2.54–3.23) ‡ | 1.63(1.42–1.87) ‡ |
| Obesity | 1.81 (1.43–2.3) ‡ | 1.16(0.91–1.47) | 1.76 (0.91–3.39) † | 1.39(0.71–2.69) ‡ | 1.40 (0.81–2.43) | N/A |
* Each variable was adjusted for every other variable listed for which crude HR was significant (p <0.05), and also for income
† p<0.05 for comparison between patients with versus without rheumatoid arthritis.
‡ p<0.001 for comparison between patients with versus without rheumatoid arthritis.
a Incidence rate: per 1000 person-years.
CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HR, hazard ratio; N/A, not applicable; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR, odds ratio; ND, not done.