Table 3. Factors independently associated in-hospital death within 30 days.
| Characteristics a | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| August (Ref = Other months) | 1.16 (1.12–1.19) |
| Hospitals with activity reduction of 20–39% in August | 1.15 (1.10–1.20) |
| Hospitals with activity reduction of 40–59% in August | 1.18 (1.12–1.24) |
| Hospitals with activity reduction of 60% in August | 1.36 (1.16–1.58) |
| Hospital geographic location (Ref = Paris) | |
| North west | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) |
| North east | 0.89 (0.78–1.01) |
| South west | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) |
| South east | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) |
| Hospital status (Ref = Private for profit) | |
| Teaching | 1.67 (1.44–1.93) |
| Public or Private non-for-profit | 1.82 (1.68–1.97) |
| Year of hospital discharge (Ref = 2012) | |
| 2007 | 1.46 (1.42–1.50) |
| 2008 | 1.39 (1.35–1.43) |
| 2009 | 1.24 (1.21–1.28) |
| 2010 | 1.16 (1.13–1.19) |
| 2011 | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) |
| Women (Ref = Men) | 0.80 (0.79–0.81) |
| Age (by 1 year increase) | 1.06 (1.05–1.06) |
| No. different Elixhauser comorbidities (by 1 comorbidity increase) b | 1.59 (1.59–1.60) |
| Surgical procedure codes (Ref = Other site) | |
| Operation on the nervous system | 4.02 (3.87–4.18) |
| Operation on the ear, nose, mouth and pharynx | 0.82 (0.77–0.88) |
| Operation on the cardiovascular system | 2.53 (2.47–2.60) |
| Operation on the hematologic and lymphatic system | 0.80 (0.76–0.83) |
| Operation on the respiratory system | 5.61 (5.41–5.82) |
| Operation on the digestive system | 5.33 (5.21–5.46) |
| Operation on the urinary system | 1.42 (1.35–1.49) |
| Operation on the genital organs | 0.45 (0.43–0.47) |
| Operation on the endocrine system | 0.38 (0.33–0.43) |
| Operation on the musculoskeletal system | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) |
| Operation on the integumentary system | 1.21 (1.17–1.25) |
| Procedure complexity (by 100 unit increase) | 1.04 (1.04–1.04) |
a p<.001 for all variables excepted hospital geographic location, based on multilevel logistic regression model.
b Elixhauser comorbidities include congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, valvular disease, pulmonary circulation disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, hypertension uncomplicated/complicated, paralysis, other neurological disorders, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes uncomplicated/complicated, hypothyroidism, renal failure, liver disease, peptic ulcer disease excluding bleeding, AIDS/HIV, lymphoma, metastatic cancer, solid tumour without metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases, coagulopathy, obesity, weight loss, fluid and electrolyte disorders, blood loss anaemia, deficiency anaemia, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, psychoses, and depression.