Table 1. Summary details of the participants’ demographics and BAL findings.
| n (%) | |
|---|---|
| Age, mean years (SD) | 30 (7.7) |
| Sex, female (%) | 57 (44%) |
| Body Mass Index, mean kg/m2 (SD) | 22.5 (3.8) |
| African ethnicity, n (%) | 128 (100%) |
| Passive cigarette smoke exposure, n (%) | 23 (18%) |
| Cooking (main source) | |
| Open wood fire, n (%) | 43 (33.6%) |
| Charcoal stove, n (%) | 76 (59.4%) |
| Electricity, n (%) | 9 (7.0%) |
| Cooking location (predominant) | |
| Inside the house, n (%) | 77 (60.6%) |
| Outside, n (%) | 50 (49.4%) |
| Lighting (main source) | |
| Paraffin, n (%) | 45 (35.4%) |
| Candle, n (%) | 47 (37.0%) |
| Electricity, n (%) | 31 (24.4%) |
| Flaming torch, n (%) | 4 (3.2%) |
| Incomplete data | 1 |
| FEV1, mean % predicted (SD) | 94 (13.5) |
| FVC, mean % predicted (SD) | 98 (12.6) |
| FEV1/FVC, % (SD) | 82 (6.7) |
| BAL return*, median ml (IQR) | 130 (112–140) |
| Cell viability, median % (IQR) | 97 (95–99) |
| Percent of BAL macrophages, median (IQR) | 96.3 (93.7–98.1) |
| Macrophage particulate load, median % of cytoplasm (IQR) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9), range 0–8 |
SD standard deviation; IQR interquartile range;
* 200ml instilled.