Table 4. Predictors of clinical PA in pituitary adenoma patients.

		Univariate		Adjusted
Factors		OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Age (years)
	≤35 *	1		1
	36~45	1.28(0.65~2.54)	0.479	0.92(0.45~1.88)	0.827
	46~55	2.53(1.35~4.74)	0.004	1.50(0.77~2.92)	0.234
	≥56	2.71(1.48~4.97)	0.001	1.52(0.78~2.93)	0.217
Gender
	Female *	1		1
	Male	3.11(1.98~4.90)	0.000	2.54(1.59~4.07)	0.000
Diabetes mellitus		1.41(0.69~2.87)	0.341	0.55(0.12~2.52)	0.443
Hypertension		0.92(0.22~3.86)	0.910	0.92(0.42~1.99)	0.828
Tumor recurrence		0.34(0.10~1.09)	0.074	0.34(0.10~1.11)	0.074
Types of pathological staining
	Positive staining * †	1		1
	Negative staining ¶	2.61(1.73~3.99)	0.000	2.04(1.29~3.23)	0.002
Adenoma size
	Microadenoma *	1		1
	Macroadenoma	30.84(11.29~84.25)	0.000	26.46(9.66~72.46)	0.000

Crude OR, crude odds ratios; Adjusted OR, adjusted odds ratios; CI, confidence interval.

* reference

† including PRL, FSH, GH, ACTH, TSH, and multiple staining

¶ non-functioning tumor type