Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics
| Characteristic | ELS (n=13)a | Control (n=13) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean ± SD years) | 38±9 | 30±9 | ns |
| Gender (n, % Female) | 6 (46) | 9 (69) | ns |
| College education (%) | 62 | 46 | ns |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 69 | 84 | ns |
| CTQ | |||
| Category (n, %)a | |||
| Emotional abuse | 2 (15) | – | |
| Physical abuse | 6 (46) | – | |
| Sexual abuse | 8 (62) | – | |
| Emotional neglect | 5 (38) | – | |
| Physical neglect | 5 (38) | – | |
| Summary severity (Mean ± SD)b | 7±4 | ||
| CTQ total score (Mean ± SD) | 59±17 | 31±6 | <0.001 |
| N-back | |||
| Response time (Mean ± SD ms) | |||
| 0-back | 622±112 | 682±158 | ns |
| 2-backc | 929±260 | 806±147 | ns |
| Accuracy (Mean ± SD %) | |||
| 0-back | 95±6 | 96±8 | ns |
| 2-backc | 79±19 | 92±9 | 0.049 |
SD standard deviation, CTQ Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
a
Participants endorsing at least moderate scores in CTQ categories
b
Sum of severity scores for the five CTQ categories, where ELS severity is indicated by “none/minimal”=0, “low to moderate”=1, “moderate to severe”=2, or “severe to extreme”=3, with a total range of 0–15
c
One ELS participant was excluded from the 2-back data analysis