Table 1. Overview of the performance of the undiagnosed diabetes risk prediction models across the five imputation methods before (original) and after intercept adjustment (adjusted).

Models	Performance measure	Deletion		Simple		Conditional		Stochastic		Multiple
		Original	Adjusted	Original	Adjusted	Original	Adjusted	Original	Adjusted	Original	Adjusted
Cambridge diabetes risk model
	E/O (95% CI)	1.81 (1.09; 2.52)	1.22 (0.61; 1.83)	2.07 (1.40; 2.75)	1.28 (0.69–1.87)	2.01 (1.28; 2.75)	1.27 (0.64–1.90)	2.17 (1.41; 2.93)	1.27 (0.64–1.90)	2.16 (1.40; 2.92)	1.30 (0.66–1.94)
	Brier score	0.193		0.181		0.185		0.186		0.189
	Yates slope	0.379		-1.401		-1.374		-1.399		-1.441
	C-statistic (95% CI)	0.67 (0.62–0.72)		0.69 (0.65–0.73)		0.68 (0.63–0.72)		0.68 (0.64–0.73)		0.68 (0.64–0.72)
Kuwaiti Risk model
	E/O (95% CI)	0.72 (0.40; 1.12)	0.94 (0.47–1.41)	0.79 (0.44; 1.14)	0.96(0.51–1.41)	0.79 (0.39; 1.20)	0.96 (0.45–1.47)	0.82 (0.44; 1.20)	0.96 (0.45–1.47)	0.82 (0.42; 1.22)	0.96 (0.55; 1.37)
	Brier score	0.141		0.122		0.126		0.125		0.123
	Yates slope	0.496		-0.459		-0.514		-0.473		-0.534
	C-statistic (95% CI)	0.68 (0.63–0.73)		0.70 (0.66–0.74)		0.69 (0.65–0.73)		0.69 (0.65–0.74)		0.69 (0.65–0.73)
Omani diabetes risk model
	E/O (95% CI)	1.28 (0.63; 1.93)	1.06 (0.47; 1.66)	1.40 (0.82; 1.98)	1.08 (0.56; 1.60)	1.40 (0.75; 2.05)	1.08 (0.50; 1.66)	1.56 (0.81; 2.30)	1.08 (0.50; 1.66)	1.54 (0.77; 2.31)	1.11 (0.51; 1.71)
	Brier score	0.164		0.141		0.149		0.142		0.153
	Yates slope	0.392		-1.065		-1.104		-1.049		-1.196
	C-statistic (95% CI)	0.66 (0.61–0.70)		0.67 (0.63–0.71)		0.65 (0.61–0.70)		0.67 (0.63–0.72)		0.65 (0.61–0.69)
Rotterdam diabetes risk model
	E/O (95% CI)	0.54 (0.50; 1.04)	0.98 (0.91–1.05)	0.65 (0.56; 0.74)	0.99 (0.83–1.14)	0.59 (0.48; 0.71)	0.99 (0.93–1.04)	0.65 (0.57; 0.74)	0.99 (0.93–1.04)	0.65 (0.57; 0.73)	0.99 (0.87–1.11)
	Brier score	0.147		0.126		0.130		0.129		0.127
	Yates slope	0.971		0.558		0.539		0.535		0.498
	C-statistic (95% CI)	0.64 (0.59–0.69)		0.65 (0.61–0.70)		0.65 (0.60–0.69)		0.65 (0.60–0.70)		0.65 (0.61–0.70)
Simplified Finnish diabetes risk model
	E/O (95% CI)	0.26 (0.13; 0.39)	0.89 (0.51; 1.26)	0.34 (0.17; 0.52)	0.92 (0.53; 1.31)	0.34 (0.18; 0.50)	0.92 (0.56; 1.28)	0.35 (0.17; 0.52)	0.92 (0.56; 1.28)	0.35 (0.17; 0.53)	0.92 (0.53;– 1.32)
	Brier score	0.157		0.133		0.136		0.136		0.133
	Yates slope	0.491		-0.021		0.080		-0.053		-0.045
	C-statistic (95% CI)	0.67 (0.62–0.71)		0.66 (0.62–0.70)		0.67 (0.63–0.72)		0.66 (0.62–0.70)		0.66 (0.62–0.70)