Table II.
The deregulated miRNAs and target genes in PDAC.
| miRNA | Expression profile in tumors | Target genes of miRNA in PDAC | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| miR-126, 217, 96, let-7, 143/145 | Downregulated | K-RAS, CRK, RREB1, Notch-1, AKT and β-catenin | (29,30) |
| miR-21 | Upregulated | PTEN, HNRPK, PDCD4, K-RAS, BTG2, TGFBR2, MARCKS, pellino-1, TM1, SPRY2, TPM1, Maspin, PPAR α, RECK, NFIB, CDC25A, LRRFIP1, BCL2, RTN4 and TAp63 | (31–35) |
| miR-210 | Upregulated | NPTX1, EFNA3, AcvR1b, ISCU, COX10, E2F3, RAD52, ACVR1B, MNT, FGFRL1, HOXA1 and HOXA9 | (31,33,34,36,37) |
| miR-155 | Upregulated | LDOC1, TP53INP1, HIF-1a, VEZF1, FOXP3, FOXO3a, CYR61, RHOA, SMAD1, SMAD5, HIVEP2, CEBPB, RUNX2, MYO10, MyD88, SHIP1, C/EBP β, IFN-gammaR α, JARID2, BACH1, ZIC3, ZNF652, ARID2, GTR1, AT1R, RIPK1, FADD, AID, JARID2 and RHOA | (31–34,36,37) |
| miR-196a | Upregulated | HOXA1, HOXA5, HOXB6, S100A9, KRT5, SPRR2C, HOXA7, HOXB8, HOXC8, HOXD8, HMGA2 and ANXA1 | (31,34,36,37) |
| miR-200b | Upregulated | EP300 and RND3 | (34,35) |
| miR-221 | Upregulated | p27 Kip1, p57 Kip 2, KIT, ER-α, PUMA, PTEN, MDM2, PI3K, ICAM-1, Bmf and Bim | (32–36) |
| miR-222 | Upregulated | P57, TP53INP1, PUMA, PTEN, p27, Bim, MMP1, SOD2 and STAT5A | (33,34,36) |
| miR-196a | Upregulated | HOXA1, HOXA5, HOXB6, S100A9, KRT5, SPRR2C, HOXA7, HOXB8, HOXC8, HOXD8, HMGA2 and ANXA1 | (31,34,36,37) |
| miR-15b | Upregulated | HOXB8, ZEB1, SIP1, Arl2 and BCL2 | (32,34,38) |
| miR-186 | Upregulated | P2X7, HOXB8, ZEB1 and SIP1 | (34) |
| miR-190 | Upregulated | NeuroD and TP53INP1 | (31,34,39) |
All the miRNAs and their targeting genes are involved in the following major 11 signaling pathways of PDAC such as K-Ras signaling, Notch signaling, angiogenesis signaling, cell cycle signaling, apoptosis signaling, invasion and metastasis signaling, Her2/neu signaling, PTEN signaling, insulin receptor signaling, PI3K/AKT signaling, Hedgehog signaling, glioblastoma multiforme signaling and prostate cancer signaling (29,30,39).