Table 3.

Hierarchical Fixed-Effects Model for Predictors of All-Cause and Infection-Related Readmissions

Descriptive Variable	All-Cause Readmissions Odds Ratio (CI)	Infection-Related Readmissions Odds Ratio (CI)
Male gender	1.14 (1.14–1.15)	1.07 (1.06–1.08)
Length of Stay > 5 days	1.47 (1.46–1.47)	1.97 (1.95–1.98)
Age (years)
18–44	1	1
45–54	1.27 (1.26–1.29)	1.51 (1.48–1.53)
55–64	1.17 (1.16–1.18)	1.49 (1.47–1.52)
65–84	0.92 (.92–.93)	1.38 (1.36–1.40)
>85	0.87 (.86–.88)	1.47 (1.44–1.49)
Insurance Status
Private	1	1
Medicaid, County	1.52 (1.52–1.53)	1.49 (1.47–1.51)
Medicare	1.45 (1.44–1.46)	1.44 (1.43–1.46)
Othera	1.18 (1.17–1.20)	1.09 (1.07–1.12)
Admission from SNF at index admission	0.90 (.89–.91)	1.26 (1.24–1.28)
Discharged to SNF at Index Admission	1.37 (1.36–1.38)	1.95 (1.94–1.97)
Patients living in a Federal Poverty Areab	1.04 (1.03–1.04)	1.02 (1.02–1.05)
Academic Hospital Status	1.47 (1.13–1.38)	1.12 (1.95–1.98)
Mean Romano Scorea	1.15 (1.15–1.15)	1.39 (1.10–1.10)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SNF, skilled nursing facility.

^a Other insurance status includes: self-pay, worker's compensation, or unknown.

^b Federal poverty area defined as zip code where 20% or greater persons live below the federal poverty level. All P-values were statistically significant with P < .0001. Covariance parameter estimates for all-cause and infection-related readmissions were 0.04 and 0.05, respectively while within-hospital correlation among patient outcomes was estimated to be small, at 0.014, except academic hospital status for infection-related readmissions, P = .002.