Fig. 4.

Impact of KIEs on the operation of E. coli central carbon metabolism. The impact of KIEs on the (steady-state) fluxes (a) and metabolite concentrations (b) of E. coli central carbon metabolism was simulated for glucose at natural abundance and six label inputs commonly used in ¹³C-labeling experiments. Impact of KIEs was defined as the relative difference between steady-states reached with and without KIEs, i.e. with alpha coefficients set to their experimental values (Table 1) or to 1, respectively