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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Jan;72(1):22–30. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1305

Table 2.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 74 Older Adults with Major Depression and Advanced Cognitive Impairment

PATH (N=37) ST (N=37) Fisher’s Exact (p)
N Perc (%) N Perc (%)
Gender 0.60
Female 26 70.27 25 78.38
Race and Ethnicity 1.00
Caucasian 30 81.08 31 83.78
African-American 7 18.92 6 16.22
Hispanic (all Caucasian) 3 8.11 0 0.00 0.24
Probable or Definite 0.64
Dementia 21 56.76 18 48.65
 Mild 12 32.43 12 32.43
 Moderate 9 24.32 6 16.22
On Antidepressants 24 64.86 23 62.16 1.00
Drug Treatment Resistant 15 40.54 16 43.24 1.00
Number of Depression Episodes (>=3) 18 54.55 17 51.52 1.00
Any Anxiety Disorders 12 32.43 11 29.73 1.00
On Cognitive Enhancers 4 10.81 6 16.22 0.74
Mean SD Mean SD Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon
z p
Age 80.78 7.23 81.03 7.61 0.31 0.76
Age at Onset of Depression 54.92 27.53 63.06 24.08 1.09 0.28
Education (years) 12.86 3.37 13.35 2.72 0.29 0.77
Attended Therapy Sessions# 10.62 3.05 10.95 2.73 −0.81 0.42
MADRS Total1 21.08 3.74 21.41 3.26 0.56 0.58
WHODAS-12 Total2 33.19 8.10 32.35 4.75 −0.99 0.32
MAI IADL Total3 18.36 3.65 19.26 4.19 −0.85 0.40
DRS Total4 115.80 13.88 121.14 8.97 −1.37 0.17
Executive Dysfunction
DRS IP5 27.84 5.64 28.73 4.86 0.54 0.59
Stroop CW6 19.07 11.50 19.28 6.62 −0.16 0.87
Memory
DRS Memory7 19.43 4.94 21.08 3.00 −0.70 0.49
HVLT8
 Immediate Recall 3.31 2.06 4.11 1.31 −1.75 0.08
 Delayed Recall 4.31 3.24 5.19 2.84 −1.54 0.12
Charlson Total9 2.79 2.20 3.32 2.78 0.58 0.57
Intensity of Antidepressant Medication Treatment10 1.77 1.44 1.94 1.63 0.52 0.61
#

90.5% of sub jects who completed the study had 12 therapy sessions, 6.3% had 11 sessions, and 3.2% had 10 session.

a

Mild Dementia as defined by DRS Total Scaled Score >3 and <=5 after adjusting for age and education (DRS 2 Manual); Moderate Dementia as defined by DRSTotal Scaled Score <=3 after adjusting for age and education (Mild Dementia: Mean DRS Total=118.79, Range=111–126; Moderate Dementia: Mean DRS Total=104.10; Range=78–115).

1

Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS);

2

World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule – II -12 items;

3

Philadelphis Multiphasic Assessment Instrument – Instrumental Activities of Daily Living – Total;

4

Mattis Dementia Rating Scale – Total;

5

Mattis Dementia Rating Scale – Initiation / Perseveration Subscale;

6

Stroop Color -Word Score;

7

Dementia Rating Scale – Memory Subscale;

8

Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised;

9

Charlson Commorbity Index;

10

Composite Antidepressant Score (CAD) – Revised.