Table 3.
Study II Correlates of Willingness to Self-Administer an Anal Cancer Screening Test
| No. Willing/Total No. (%) | Bivariate OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HPV, Anal Cancer, and Screening | |||
| Worry about diseases caused by HPV A | 1.36 (1.06–1.74)* | 1.03 (0.78–1.35) | |
| Perceived severity of disease caused by HPV B | 1.09 (0.82–1.45) | -- | |
| Perceived likelihood of anal cancer C | 1.69 (1.22–2.33)** | 1.57 (1.12–2.20)* | |
| Awareness of HPV D | |||
| Unaware | 33/59 (56) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Aware, low knowledge | 138/221 (62) | 1.31 (0.73–2.34) | 1.09 (0.59–1.99) |
| Aware, high knowledge | 114/148 (77) | 2.64 (1.39–5.01)* | 1.94 (0.98–3.85) |
| Vaccinated for HPV | |||
| No | 245/372 (66) | 1.00 | -- |
| Yes | 40/56 (71) | 1.30 (0.70–2.40) | |
| Sexual History | |||
| Disclosed sexual orientation to PCP | |||
| Yes | 98/136 (72) | 1.00 | -- |
| Somewhat | 17/27 (63) | 0.66 (0.28–1.57) | |
| No | 170/265 (64) | 0.69 (0.44–1.09) | |
| Age at first sexual intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) | |||
| <16 | 68/102 (67) | 1.00 | -- |
| ≥16 | 217/326 (67) | 0.99 (0.62–1.60) | |
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | |||
| 0 – 4 | 120/202 (59) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5 or more | 165/226 (73) | 1.85 (1.23–2.77)* | 1.42 (0.90–2.23) |
| History of genital warts | |||
| No | 268/408 (66) | 1.00 | -- |
| Yes | 17/20 (85) | 2.96 (0.85–10.27) | |
| HIV status | |||
| Negative | 272/410 (66) | 1.00 | -- |
| Positive | 13/18 (72) | 1.32 (0.46–3.78) | |
| History of sexually transmitted disease other than HIV | |||
| No | 256/386 (66) | 1.00 | -- |
| Yes | 29/42 (69) | 1.13 (0.57–2.25) | |
| History of HPV infection | |||
| No | 267/406 (66) | 1.00 | -- |
| Yes | 18/22 (82) | 2.34 (0.78–7.06) | |
| Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Sexual orientation | |||
| Gay | 217/309 (70) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Bisexual | 68/119 (57) | 0.57 (0.37–0.88)* | 0.69 (0.43–1.10) |
| Health insurance | |||
| No | 53/86 (62) | 1.00 | -- |
| Yes | 232/342 (68) | 1.31 (0.80–2.14) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 182/273 (67) | 1.00 | -- |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 20/28 (71) | 1.25 (0.53–2.95) | |
| Hispanic | 47/79 (59) | 0.73 (0.44–1.23) | |
| Other | 36/48 (75) | 1.50 (0.74–3.02) | |
| Age, mean yrs (S.D.) | 23.07 (2.40) | 1.11 (1.02–1.20)* | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) |
| Annual income | |||
| <$50,000 | 151/231 (65) | 1.00 | -- |
| ≥$50,000 | 107/151 (71) | 1.29 (0.83–2.01) | |
| Not reported | 27/46 (59) | 0.75 (0.39–1.44) | |
| Education | |||
| No college degree | 139/228 (61) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| College degree | 146/200 (73) | 1.73 (1.15–2.61)* | 1.36 (0.83–2.24) |
| Reside in urban area | |||
| No | 45/67 (67) | 1.00 | -- |
| Yes | 240/361 (66) | 0.97 (0.56–1.69) | |
| Relationship status | |||
| Unmarried or not living with partner | 231/357 (65) | 1.00 | -- |
| Married or living with partner | 54/71 (76) | 1.73 (0.96–3.12) | |
*
p<0.05
**
p≤0.001
HPV = human papillomavirus PCP = primary care provider
A
4-point scale, from not at all (coded as 1) to quite a lot (coded as 4)
B
4-point scale, from not at all (coded as 1) to very (coded as 4)
C
4-point scale, from no chance (coded as 1) to high chance (coded as 4)
D
Cutoff for high-knowledge was ≥4/5 HPV knowledge items correct, based on median # correct for entire study