Table 3.
Odds of Engaging in Active Transportation among Adult CCS and Neighborhood Controls
| CCS (N=144) | Controls (N=140) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Adjusteda OR (95% CI) |
Unadjustedb OR (95% CI) |
Adjusteda,b OR (95% CI) |
|
| Sex (ref = male) | 0.62 (0.31–1.21) | -- | 0.70 (0.34–1.46) | -- |
| Age (years) | 0.91 (0.86–0.95) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | -- |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 0.94 (0.88–0.99) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | -- |
| Education | ||||
| ≤ High school graduate or GED (ref) | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| Some college | 1.85 (0.67–5.09) | -- | 0.65 (0.16–2.62) | -- |
| College graduate or more | 1.69 (0.69–4.17) | -- | 0.97 (0.26–3.60) | -- |
| Household Income | ||||
| ≤$20,000 (ref) | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| >$20,000–$40,000 | 0.69 (0.20–2.46) | -- | 1.65 (0.49–5.60) | 2.20 (0.56–8.60) |
| >$40,000–$60,000 | 0.33 (0.10–1.04) | -- | 1.43 (0.38–5.41) | 1.29 (0.31–5.39) |
| >$60,000–$100,000 | 0.39 (0.12–1.21) | -- | 3.60 (1.21–10.7) | 3.25 (0.98–10.8) |
| >$100,000 | 0.33 (0.10–1.07) | -- | 1.04 (0.38–2.84) | 1.13 (0.35–3.68) |
| Married or living with a partner (ref = no) | 0.27 (0.13–0.53) | 0.30 (0.11–0.81) | 0.60 (0.32–1.13) | -- |
| Vehicles per driver | 0.13 (0.04–0.48) | 0.14 (0.01–1.33) | 0.33 (0.11–1.01) | -- |
| Days Required to Go Outside Home for Work/School/Volunteering | ||||
| 0–2 days per week (ref) | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| 3–4 days per week | 1.05 (0.32–3.48) | -- | 0.57 (0.16–2.05) | -- |
| 5 days per week | 0.78 (0.30–2.05) | -- | 0.92 (0.29–2.89) | -- |
| 6–7 days per week | 1.60 (0.55–4.62) | -- | 0.75 (0.21–2.67) | -- |
| Current Smoker (ref = no) | 0.30 (0.08–1.07) | -- | 1.70 (0.62–4.62) | -- |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Leukemia (ALL, AML) (ref) | 1.00 | -- | ||
| Lymphoma (HOD, NHL) | 0.67 (0.27–1.68) | -- | NA | NA |
| Osteosarcoma | 0.93 (0.31–2.76) | -- | ||
| Central nervous system | 0.54 (0.18–1.68) | -- | ||
| Others | 1.63 (0.64–4.16) | -- | ||
| Years since Diagnosis | 0.93 (0.90–0.97) | --f | NA | NA |
| Leisure/work/household PA (hours/week) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | -- | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | -- |
| Environmental Barriersc | 0.36 (0.20–0.65) | 1.61 (0.59–4.43) | 1.27 (0.71–2.29) | -- |
| Planning/Psychosocial Barriersc | 0.27 (0.14–0.53) | 0.15 (0.04–0.53) | 1.22 (0.73–2.06) | -- |
| Safety Barriersc | 0.67 (0.34–1.34) | -- | 2.01 (0.80–5.07) | -- |
| Health Barriersc | 0.64 (0.43–0.95) | 1.15 (0.61–2.16) | 1.05 (0.70–1.58) | -- |
| Perceived Walkabilityd | 2.91 (1.76–4.83) | 2.55 (1.14–5.66) | 1.73 (1.08–2.77) | 0.97 (0.51–1.86) |
| Objective Walkabilitye | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) |
Abbreviations: CCS, childhood cancer survivors; CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio. Bolded ORs and 95% CIs indicate statistical significance (P < .05).
Adjusted for variables that were significantly related to the dependent variable in unadjusted analyses.
Adjusted for clustering of matched controls (matched on sex, age, and location).
Measured on four-point Likert scales, where 1=strongly disagree, 2=somewhat disagree, 3=somewhat agree, and 4=strongly agree that a particular barrier makes it difficult to actively travel.
Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater perceived walkability.
Walk Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater walkability.
Removed from adjusted model due to multicollinearity (variance inflation factor = 2.9)