Table 2.

Troubleshooting.

Problems	Cause	Solutions
No amplification in PCR	Annealing temperature problem	Varies the Tm from 56°–66°
No polymorphic bands	Primers are not polymorphic	Use different sets of markers
No bands at all	Using acetic acid as a fixative	Avoid using acetic acid as a fixative given in other methods as it stops the silver nitrate activity.
Bent band	High voltage and less buffer	Regularly add buffer to the top of gel and run gel as low voltage as possible
Broken bands	Gel pieces in the well	Clean the well properly before running the gel
Black background	Touching of the gel by naked hand and not washing gel properly as remaining pieces of gel can cause that.	Use cloves during silver staining, clean the gel properly.