Table 2.
Metabolic characteristics of all subjects at baseline, also stratified by glucose tolerance status at baseline
| All | NGT | IGT | P-value (NGT-IGT) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 138 | 117 | 21 | |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 0.006 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L) | 49.3 ± 31.9 | 45.1 ± 27.0 | 69.1 ± 44.4 | 0.013 |
| OGTT 2 h plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 8.7 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 32.5 ± 2.4 | 32.6 ± 2.3 | 32.1 ± 3.3 | n.s. |
| M-value (GIR/lbm/min) | 12.8 ± 3.8 | 13.3 ± 3.7 | 10.21 ± 3.4 | 0.002 |
| M/I (GIR/lbm/min/pmol/L) | 0.022 ± 0.01 | 0.023 ± 0.01 | 0.017 + 0.01 | 0.010 |
| IVGTT AIR (pmol/L x min) | 3187 ± 2014 | 3291 ± 2092 | 2547 ± 1303 | n.s. |
| IVGTT LIR (pmol/L x min) | 7760 ± 4354 | 7493 ± 4177 | 9427 ± 5150 | 0.092 |
| HOMA-IR (mmol x mU/L2) | 10.6 ± 7.5 | 9.5 ± 6.1 | 15.8 ± 11.0 | 0.009 |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 0.016 |
| Serum HDL (mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.029 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 0.012 |
| Serum LDL (mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 0.004 |
| Urine albumin (>20 mg/L) | 69 (51 %) | 55 (51 %) | 8 (44 %) | |
| Serum ALT (μkat/L) | 0.43 ± 0.27 | 0.42 ± 0.24 | 0.50 ± 0.39 | n.s. |
| Serum CRP (mg/L) | 1.2 ± 2.0 | 1.1 ± 2.1 | 1.5 ± 1.4 | n.s. |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 88 ± 16 | 88 ± 16 | 87 ± 15 | n.s. |
| Adipocyte cell size (μm) | 94.3 ± 12.7 | 93.2 ± 13.1 | 101.1 ± 7.7 | 0.017 |
| Serum adiponectin (μg/mL) | 9.1 ± 4.6 | 9.3 ± 4.6 | 8.0 ± 4.3 | n.s. |
| Il-6 (ng/mL) | 45.3 ± 21.7 | 44.8 ± 21.4 | 49.3 ± 24.3 | n.s. |
NGT = normal glucose tolerance. IGT = impaired glucose tolerance. IL-6 = interleukin-6. Data are mean ± standard deviation. P-values have been calculated as stated in Methods. P-values below 0.1 are given numerically, otherwise stated as not significant (n.s.)