Table 3.
Outcomes grouped by type of surgery and their modified frailty index score.
| Table 3.a | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radical Prostatectomy | Radical and Partial Nephrectomy | ||||||||||||
| Frailty Index | 0–0.05 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.10–0.15 | 0.15– 0.20 |
>0.20 | p-value | Frailty Index | 0–0.05 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.10–0.15 | 0.15– 0.20 |
>0.20 | p-value |
| 30-day Mortality* | 0.1% 6/11312 |
0.1% 14/9526 |
0.4% 7/1656 |
1.1% 7/637 |
1.4% 3/219 |
<0.005 | 30-day Mortality* | 0.3% 12/4390 |
0.6% 36/5546 |
0.8% 12/1534 |
1.2% 16/1349 |
3.4% 23/681 |
<0.0005 |
| Clavien-Dindo IV* | 0.7% 81/11312 |
1.1% 109/9526 |
1.4% 24/1656 |
3.0% 19/637 |
5.9% 13/219 |
<0.0005 | Clavien-Dindo IV* | 1.5% 66/4390 |
3.0% 169/5546 |
4.0% 61/1534 |
6.1% 82/1349 |
8.4% 57/681 |
<0.0005 |
| Septic Shock/Sepsis* | 0.5% 61/11312 |
0.9% 82/9526 |
1.4% 24/1656 |
2.2% 14/637 |
4.6% 10/219 |
< 0.0005 | Septic Shock/Sepsis* | 0.9% 39/4390 |
1.5% 83/5546 |
0.8% 12/1534 |
2.7% 36/1349 |
3.5% 24/681 |
<0.0005 |
| Ventilator Dependent* | <0.1% 5/11312 |
0.2% 17/9526 |
0.3% 5/1656 |
0.5% 3/637 |
1.8% 4/219 |
<0.0005 | Ventilator Dependent* | 0.3% 13/4390 |
0.7% 38/5546 |
1.3% 20/1534 |
1.7% 23/1349 |
2.9% 20/681 |
<0.0005 |
| Re-Intubated* | 0.1% 10/11312 |
0.3% 27/9526 |
0.3% 5/1656 |
1.1% 7/637 |
2.3% 5/219 |
<0.0005 | Re-Intubated* | 0.5% 21/4390 |
1.0% 55/5546 |
1.5% 23/1534 |
2.7% 36/1349 |
3.7% 25/681 |
<0.0005 |
| Myocardial Infarction* | 0.1% 10/11312 |
0.2% 19/9526 |
0.2% 4/1656 |
0.6% 4/637 |
1.8% 4/219 |
< 0.0005 | Myocardial Infarction* | 0.2% 7/4390 |
0.5% 27/5546 |
0.5% 8/1534 |
1.0% 13/1349 |
1.6% 11/681 |
<0.0005 |
| Acute Renal Failure* | 0.1% 15/11312 |
0.6% 53/9526 |
0.7% 11/1656 |
1.7% 11/637 |
3.7% 8/219 |
<0.0005 | Acute Renal Failure* | 0.6% 28/4390 |
1.4% 80/5546 |
2.7% 42/1534 |
3.4% 46/1349 |
3.7% 25/681 |
<0.0005 |
| Cardiac Arrest* | <0.1% 5/11312 |
0.1% 10/9526 |
0.3% 5/1656 |
0.3% 2/637 |
0.5% 1/219 |
<0.0005 | Cardiac Arrest* | 0.2% 9/4390 |
0.4% 23/5546 |
0.3% 4/1534 |
1.0% 13/1349 |
1.0% 7/681 |
<0.0005 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0.5% 56/11312 |
0.5% 43/9526 |
0.5% 9/1656 |
0.3% 2/637 |
1.4% 3/219 |
0.365 | Pulmonary embolism | 0.4% 16/4390 |
0.6% 31/5546 |
0.8% 12/1534 |
0.4% 6/1349 |
0.7% 5/681 |
0.285 |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 0.7% 77/11312 |
0.8% 73/9526 |
0.8% 14/1656 |
0.8% 5/637 |
0.9% 2/219 |
0.913 | Deep venous thrombosis * | 0.3% 15/4390 |
0.7% 41/5546 |
0.8% 12/1534 |
1.1% 15/1349 |
0.7% 5/681 |
0.017 |
| Surgical Site Infection or dehiscence* | 1.1% 125/11312 |
1.6% 150/9526 |
1.8% 30/1656 |
2.8% 18/637 |
5.0% 11/219 |
<0.0005 | Surgical Site Infection or dehiscence | 1.9% 83/4390 |
2.1% 114/5546 |
2.3% 36/1534 |
2.4% 32/1349 |
3.1% 21/681 |
0.280 |
| Bleeding requiring blood transfusion * | 3.7% 417/11312 |
4.2% 392/9526 |
4.2% 69/1656 |
8.0% 51/637 |
10.5% 23/219 |
<0.0005 | Bleeding requiring blood transfusion* | 7.2% 315/4390 |
11.1% 617/5546 |
13.0% 200/1534 |
20.9% 282/1349 |
22.9% 156/681 |
<0.0005 |
| Readmission (2011–2013)* | 3.4% 108/3201 |
4.5% 116/2596 |
5.4% 29/542 |
9.0% 16/178 |
17.6% 3/17 |
<0.0005 | Readmission (2011–2013)* | 4.0% 80/2021 |
5.9% 137/2304 |
6.8% 50/736 |
10.3% 60/583 |
14.2% 29/204 |
<0.0005 |
| Re-operation (2011–2013)* | 0.6% 19/3201 |
1.2% 32/2596 |
1.1% 6/542 |
2.8% 5/178 |
0% 0/17 |
0.010 | Re-operation (2011–2013) | 1.5% 30/2021 |
1.9% 14/2304 |
1.9% 14/736 |
2.7% 16/583 |
3.9% 8/204 |
0.075 |
| Table 3.b | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nephroureterectomy | Radical Cystectomy | ||||||||||||
| Frailty Index | 0–0.05 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.10– 0.15 |
0.15– 0.20 |
>0.20 | p-value | Frailty Index | 0–0.05 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.10– 0.15 |
0.15– 0.20 |
>0.20 | p-value |
| 30-day Mortality* | 0.5% 2/410 |
0.9% 6/634 |
3.3% 6/181 |
4.6% 6/130 |
5.7% 5/88 |
<0.0005 | 30-day Mortality* | 2.1% 21/1008 |
2.6% 34/1330 |
2.4% 10/423 |
3.1% 11/351 |
6.8% 12/176 |
0.005 |
| Clavien-Dindo IV* | 1.2% 5/410 |
5.0% 32/634 |
7.2% 13/181 |
11.5% 15/130 |
12.5% 11/88 |
<0.0005 | Clavien-Dindo IV* | 6.6% 73/1108 |
9.2% 122/1330 |
14.2% 60/423 |
10.5% 37/351 |
17.0% 30/176 |
<0.0005 |
| Septic Shock/Sepsis* | 1.2% 5/410 |
2.5% 16/634 |
7.2% 13/181 |
8.5% 11/130 |
4.5% 4/88 |
0.001 | Septic Shock/Sepsis | 10.6% 117/1108 |
13.5% 179/1330 |
14.7% 62/423 |
11.7% 41/351 |
13.1% 23/176 |
0.135 |
| Ventilator Dependent* | 0.2% 1/410 |
0.8% 5/634 |
3.9% 7/181 |
2.3% 3/130 |
5.7% 5/88 |
<0.0005 | Ventilator Dependent* | 1.4% 15/1108 |
2.4% 32/1330 |
4.7% 20/423 |
3.4% 12/351 |
5.7% 10/176 |
< 0.0005 |
| Re-Intubated* | 1.0% 4/410 |
0.9% 6/634 |
2.8% 5/181 |
4.6% 6/130 |
6.8% 6/88 |
<0.0005 | Re-Intubated* | 2.1% 23/1108 |
2.9% 39/1330 |
5.4% 23/423 |
4.3% 15/351 |
6.8% 12/176 |
0.001 |
| Myocardial Infarction* | 0% 0/410 |
1.1% 7/634 |
1.7% 3/181 |
1.5% 2/130 |
1.1% 1/88 |
0.043 | Myocardial Infarction | 1.1% 12/1108 |
1.7% 22/1330 |
2.4% 10/423 |
2.8% 10/351 |
2.3% 4/176 |
0.113 |
| Acute Renal Failure* | 1.0% 4/410 |
3.3% 21/634 |
2.8% 5/181 |
6.2% 8/130 |
4.5% 4/88 |
0.024 | Acute Renal Failure* | 1.6% 18/1108 |
3.5% 46/1330 |
4.7% 20/423 |
6.6% 23/351 |
7.4% 13/176 |
<0.0005 |
| Cardiac Arrest* | 0.2% 1/410 |
0.2% 1/634 |
3.3% 6/181 |
2.3% 3/130 |
2.3% 2/88 |
0.006 | Cardiac Arrest | 0.8% 9/1108 |
1.1% 15/1330 |
0.7% 3/423 |
1.1% 4/351 |
1.1% 2/176 |
0.870 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0% 0/410 |
0.6% 4/634 |
0.6% 1/181 |
0.8% 1/130 |
1.1% 1/88 |
0.511 | Pulmonary embolism | 2.6% 29/1108 |
2.6% 35/1330 |
2.8% 12/423 |
2.0% 7/351 |
2.3% 4/176 |
0.969 |
| Deep venous thrombosis* | 0.7% 3/410 |
0.8% 5/634 |
3.9% 7/181 |
1.5% 2/130 |
3.4% 3/88 |
0.008 | Deep venous thrombosis | 3.0% 33/1108 |
3.8% 51/1330 |
4.0% 17/423 |
2.6% 9/351 |
3.4% 6/176 |
0.628 |
| Surgical Site Infection or dehiscence | 2.2% 9/410 |
2.8% 18/634 |
2.2% 4/181 |
3.8% 5/130 |
4.5% 4/88 |
0.679 | Surgical Site Infection or dehiscence | 12.5% 139/1108 |
15.0% 200/1330 |
16.8% 71/423 |
13.4% 47/351 |
17.0% 30/176 |
0.148 |
| Bleeding requiring Blood transfusion* | 7.1% 29/410 |
12.5% 79/634 |
17.1% 31/181 |
23.1% 30/130 |
25.0% 22/88 |
<0.0005 | Bleeding requiring blood transfusion* | 34.6% 383/1108 |
39.9% 531/1330 |
44.2% 187/423 |
42.5% 149/351 |
43.2% 76/176 |
0.002 |
| Readmission (2011–2013) | 8.2% 15/182 |
6.3% 14/221 |
7.3% 6/82 |
14.3% 7/49 |
21.1% 4/19 |
0.108 | Readmission (2011–2013) | 15.9% 138/866 |
17.4% 182/1046 |
21.1% 75/355 |
18.5% 50/270 |
19.7% 24/122 |
0.264 |
| Re-operation (2011–2013)* | 2.7% 5/182 |
2.7% 6/221 |
2.4% 2/82 |
8.2% 4/49 |
21.1% 4/19 |
0.001 | Re-operation (2011–2013) | 4.4% 39/882 |
6.6% 70/1057 |
7.5% 27/358 |
5.2% 14/271 |
4.0% 5/126 |
0.116 |
There are differences between the subgroups for the given adverse outcome (noted with an *). 30-day mortality and Clavien Dindo IV complications were significantly associated with increasing frailty index score for all surgeries. Readmission was significant with increasing frailty index score for all surgeries except radical cystectomy (p=0.264) and nephroureterectomy (p=0.108). Re-operation was significant with increasing frailty index score for all except radical cystectomy (p=0.116).