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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 May 14;763(0 0):223–232. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.014

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Isoform-specific regulation of adenylyl cyclase by protein kinases that are activated by Gαi/o-coupled GPCRs. One of the proposed mechanisms for heterologous sensitization is that the phosphorylation state of the adenylyl cyclase is modified due to prolonged activation of Gαi/o-coupled receptors. Activation of inhibitory GPCRs leads to active Gαi/o and Gβγ subunits that can activate PKC, which phosphorylates and activates AC1, AC2, and AC5. Activation of Gαi/o inhibits PKA, leading to disinhibition of AC5 and AC6. Gβγ subunits can also activate Raf-1, which phosphorylates and activates AC2, AC5, and AC6.