Table 4.
Weighted bi-variable linear regression age-adjusted estimates of the associations between log of BLL and other study variables, Puerto Rico, 2010 (N=426,718)
| Exposure variable | Geometric Mean* BLL (95% CI) | Beta (SE) | Ratio of geometric means (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data collection month (2010) | 0.54 (0.16) | 1.72 (1.23, 2.39) | 0.0021 | |
| June/July | 1.52 (1.36, 1.70) | |||
| November | 0.89 (0.65, 1.21) | |||
| Observation of child eating or mouthing non-food items | 0.08 (0.13) | 1.09 (0.83, 1.40) | 0.5610 | |
| Yes | 1.19 (0.94, 1.48) | |||
| No | 1.09 (0.84, 1.43) | |||
| Child washes hands before eating | 0.02 (0.14) | 1.02 (0.77, 1.38) | 0.8724 | |
| Rarely or does not | 1.16 (0.90, 1.51) | |||
| Sometimes or often | 1.14 (0.90, 1.43) | |||
| Child plays outside house | 0.12 (0.14) | 1.13 (0.85, 1.49) | 0.4065 | |
| Yes | 1.19 (0.96, 1.46) | |||
| No | 1.05 (0.76, 1.45) | |||
| Pets present in household | −0.18 (0.09) | 0.84 (0.69, 1.01) | 0.0566 | |
| Yes | 1.06 (0.88, 1.30) | |||
| No | 1.28 (1.01, 1.62) | |||
| Interior of house painted | −0.05 (0.12) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.22) | 0.7027 | |
| Once per year or more | 1.15 (0.90, 1.49) | |||
| Every two years or less | 1.21 (0.99, 1.48) | |||
| Household renovated during previous six months | 0.21 (0.13) | 1.23 (0.94, 1.62) | 0.1292 | |
| Yes | 1.34 (1.03, 1.75) | |||
| No | 1.09 (0.86, 1.38) | |||
| Presence of a smoker in the residence | −0.02 (0.12) | 0.98 (0.76, 1.26) | 0.8880 | |
| Yes | 1.13 (0.81, 1.57) | |||
| No | 1.15 (0.93, 1.41) | |||
| Lead hobby of anyone in household | 0.53 (0.18) | 1.70 (1.19, 2.46) | 0.0050 | |
| Yes | 1.79 (1.27, 2.51) | |||
| No | 1.05 (0.84, 1.30) | |||
| Lead occupation of anyone in household | 0.12 (0.17) | 1.13 (0.80, 1.58) | 0.4904 | |
| Yes | 1.25 (0.93, 1.65) | |||
| No | 1.11 (0.86, 1.42) | |||
| Use of household remedies, herbal remedies or folk medicines | 0.01 (0.15) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.36) | 0.9413 | |
| Yes | 1.16 (0.86, 1.57) | |||
| No | 1.15 (0.92, 1.43) | |||
| Any plates, bowls, or food storage containers made of ceramic or earthenware | −0.14 (0.19) | 0.87 (0.59, 1.27) | 0.4543 | |
| Yes | 1.12 (0.90, 1.39) | |||
| No | 1.28 (0.86, 1.93) | |||
| Mother's education | 0.31 (0.15) | 1.36 (1.00, 1.86) | 0.0469 | |
| < high school diploma/GED | 1.51 (1.15, 1.97) | |||
| ≥ high school | 1.09 (0.88, 1.38) | |||
| Child's gender | 0.11 (0.11) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.38) | 0.3059 | |
| Male | 1.21 (0.98, 1.51) | |||
| Female | 1.09 (0.84, 1.40) | |||
| Age, years (continuous) | N/A | −0.07 (0.05) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 0.1696 |
| Receipt of public housing or Section 8 housing | 0.08 (0.16) | 1.08 (0.79, 1.49) | 0.6243 | |
| Yes | 1.21 (0.90, 1.62) | |||
| No | 1.12 (0.89, 1.43) | |||
| Child currently or ever received public services | 0.54 (0.29) | 1.72 (0.95, 3.10) | 0.0725 | |
| Yes | 1.21 (1.00, 1.49) | |||
| No | 0.71 (0.40, 1.25) | |||
| Living in rental housing | 0 (0.17) | 1.00 (0.70, 1.42) | 0.9928 | |
| Yes | 1.14 (0.80, 1.60) | |||
| No | 1.14 (0.90, 1.43) | |||
| Child has asthma | 0.02 (0.09) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | 0.8195 | |
| Yes | 1.16 (0.88, 1.54) | |||
| No | 1.14 (0.93, 1.39) | |||
| Child has ever traveled outside of Puerto Rico > 2 weeks | −0.03 (0.21) | 0.97 (0.64, 1.46) | 0.8769 | |
| Yes | 1.11 (0.72, 1.68) | |||
| No | 1.14 (0.91, 1.42) | |||
*
Least Squares Mean (Conditional Marginal)