Table 1.
Overview of included studies.
| Authors (publication year) | Type of research | Country | Interval of enrolment | Eligibility criteria | Type of disease (AP, CP, HP, or AIP) | Number of total samples | SVT | PVT | SlpVT | MVT | Mean age (range years) | Female/ male |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sisman et al. (2014) [19] |
Retrospective cohort study | Turkey | 2007–2011 | NA | CP | 65 | 13 | NA | 13 | NA | NA | 14/51 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Britton et al. (2014) [18] |
Retrospective cohort study | UK | 1998–2012 | Exclusion criteria: 46 cases were excluded from the final analysis as imaging reports made no comment on the portal venous system. | AP | 145 | 90 | 90 | NA | NA | 56.1 | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Talukdar et al. (2014) [47] |
Prospective cohort study | India | August 2011 to October 2012 | Inclusion criteria: patients over 18 yrs with a primary diagnosis of first episode of AP from August 2011 to October 2012, and prospectively followed for at least six months after discharge or till death; exclusion criteria were (1) recurrent AP; (2) patient who did not get a CT scan. | AP | 163 | 12 | 3 | 9 | NA | NA | 40/123 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Easler et al. (2014) [38] |
Prospective study | USA | June 2003 and April 2010 | Inclusion criteria: SAP patients who were admitted with their first AP attack; exclusion criteria: patients with a history of AP or CP. | AP | 162 | 22 | 8 | 19 | 6 | 55 ± 20 | 78/84 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Castiñeira-Alvariño et al. (2013) [20] |
Prospective study | Spain | Since 2007 | Inclusion criteria: patients with age <18 years at index visit to the CP outpatient clinic; exclusion criteria: patients who clearly modified the diet before the index visit were excluded. | CP | 168 | 5 | 5 | NA | NA | 44 (17–76) |
40/128 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Suero et al. (2013) [21] |
Retrospective study | Spain | NA | NA | AIP | 25 | 6 | NA | NA | NA | (17–79) | 2/23 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Marra-López et al. (2013) [22] |
Prospective cohort study | Spain | 2011–2013 | Inclusion criteria: CP patients defined by M-ANNHEIM. | CP | 85 | 9 | NA | 9/85 | NA | 59.38 | 17/68 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Harris et al. (2013) [2] |
Retrospective study | USA | January 1996 to December 2006 | Inclusion criteria: an institutional (Mayo clinic) database search was done using the key terms acute pancreatitis and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (SMVT), portal vein thrombosis (PVT), and splenic vein thrombosis (SplVT) from January 1996 to December 2006; exclusion criteria: (1) patients with precipitating factors for thrombosis (abdominal surgery unrelated to ongoing pancreatitis, trauma, pregnancy, cirrhosis, intra-abdominal infections, pancreatic cancer, and primary myeloproliferative disorders) were excluded. (2) All cases of chronic pancreatitis were also excluded. | AP | 2454 | 45 | 20 | 30 | 17 | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Jakchairoongruang and Arjhansiri (2013) [48] |
Retrospective study | Thailand | January 1, 2005 and April 30, 2010 | Exclusion criteria: six hundred and eight patients were excluded from the study population because of the following reasons: it was not the first episode of acute pancreatitis, the initial CT was not performed, there are no available CT images on our Pictures Archiving and Communications System (PACS), or patient was imaged with only unenhanced CT. | AP | 72 | 1 | NA | 1/72 | NA | 47.7 (6–89) |
33/39 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Ishikawa et al. (2012) [49] | Retrospective study | Japan | July 2003 and October 2010 | Inclusion criteria: patients who met the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC) for AIP. | AIP | 54 | 1 | 1 | NA | NA | 63.2 ± 13.5 (28–86) | 6/48 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Sisman et al. (2012) [24] |
Retrospective study | Turkey | 2007–2011 | Exclusion criteria: patients who received previous H. pylori eradication treatment and who are with any malignancy were excluded. | CP | 64 | 11 | NA | 11 | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| De León et al. (2012) [25] |
Retrospective study | Spain | NA | NA | AIP | 16 | 4 | NA | 4 | NA | 46.6 (17–73) | 1/15 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
|
Vyas et al. (2012) [23] |
Retrospective study | UK | NA | NA | AP | 87 | 22 | NA | 12 | NA | NA | 35/52 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Muddana et al. (2012) [39] |
Prospective study | USA | 2003–2010 | NA | AP | 251 | 41 | NA | 35 | NA | 51.5 ± 19 | 123/128 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Rebours et al. (2012) [17] |
Prospective single-center study | France | 2000–2009 | Included criteria: all of the in- or outpatients with recurrent acute or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and followed prospectively based on a standardized protocol, including a yearly physical examination and a search for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, diabetes, and cholestasis; excluded criteria: (1) cirrhosis; (2) patients who were lost to follow-up in 2009. | AP or CP | 119 | 41 | 14 | 38 | 10 | NA | 19/100 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Gonzelez et al. (2011) [15] |
Retrospective study | UK | January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2009 | Excluded criteria: patients with chronic pancreatitis, known malignancy, cirrhosis, or established portal hypertension. | AP | 127 | 20 | 10 | 14 | 3 | 53.5 (36–81) | 118/9 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
|
Shalimar et al. (2011) [36] |
Prospective study | USA | NA | Inclusion criteria: patients with CP after an informed consent and ethical clearance; exclusion criteria: NA. | CP | 226 | 9 | NA | 9 | NA | NA | 48/178 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
|
Huggett et al. (2011) [16] |
Prospective study | UK | 2004–2010 | Inclusion criteria: patients with AIP and with a median follow-up from diagnosis of 32 months (range 0–76) | AIP | 52 | 7 | NA | NA | NA | 59 (26–85) |
11/41 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Chowdhury et al. (2011) [50] |
Retrospective study | India | January 2005 and December 2009 | Inclusion criteria: children diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis (on imaging study). | CP | 73 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 22/51 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Chooklin and Hranat (2009) [26] | Retrospective study | Ukraine | NA | NA | AP | 20 | 4 | NA | 4 | NA | NA | 3/17 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
|
Vege et al. (2009) [37] |
Retrospective study | USA | 1989–2007 | Exclusion criteria: patients with preexisting portal hypertension were excluded. | AP | 1155 | 50 | 3 | 29 | 4 | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Keck et al. (2009) [27] |
Retrospective study | Germany | In Germany: 2001–2005; in USA: 1995–2005 | Excluded criteria: three patients whose predominant lesion was only a very dilated pancreatic duct and who were thus selected for lateral pancreaticojejunostomy. | CP | 93 | 14 | NA | 14 | NA | NA | 31/62 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Raina et al. (2009) [5] |
Retrospective study | USA | 1998–2007 | Exclusion criteria: three other malignancies (gastric cancer, the recurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma). | AIP | 26 | 4 | NA | 4 | NA | 62.5 (23–86) | 9/17 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Agarwal et al. (2008) [51] |
Retrospective study | India | January 1996 and December 2005 | NA | CP | 157 | 34 | NA | 34 | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Mortelé et al. (2004) [40] |
Retrospective study | USA | 17-month period | NA | AP | 100 | 46 | 13 | 19 | 14 | 51 (12–80) | 47/53 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Makowiec et al. (2004) [28] |
Prospective study | Germany | 1994–2001 | Exclusion criteria: 12 patients with portal hypertension and 9 patients underwent splenectomy without splenic vein thrombosis. | CP | 177 | NA | NA | 39 | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Pimentel et al. (2003) [41] |
Retrospective study | Brazil | 1989–2002 | NA | CP | 64 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 14/50 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Malíková et al. (2002) [29] |
Retrospective study | Czech Republic | NA | NA | AP | 40 | NA | 2 | 7 | 4 | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Mortelé et al. (2001) [42] |
Retrospective study | USA | April 1996 and August 1997 | NA | AP | 100 | 19 | NA | 19 | NA | NA | 47/53 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Sakorafas et al. (2000) [43] |
Prospective study | USA | 1976–1997 | NA | CP | 484 | 34 | NA | 34 | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Dörffel et al. (2000) [30] |
Prospective study | Germany | 38 months | Included criteria: definite diagnosis of acute pancreatitis as detected by ultrasonography (US) and CT, elevated serum lipase and amylase, compatible clinical picture, onset of pain symptoms not more than 3 days before admission, no history of pancreatitis, and no deficiencies in antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S. | AP | 189 | 45 | 11 | 28 | 6 | 43 (19–80) | 49/140 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Arotcarena et al. (1999) [31] |
Prospective study | France | April 1993 to April 1996 | NA | CP | 494 | 73 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Tsushima et al. (1999) [52] |
Retrospective study | Japan | April 1993 and August 1997 | Included criteria: patients with AP underwent initial abdominal CT within 3 days after the onset of symptoms and received at least one additional CT examination thereafter; Excluded criteria: cases of traumatic or postoperative pancreatitis | AP | 25 | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | 53.4 ± 20.8 (25–83) | 7/18 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Takase et al. (1997) [54] |
Prospective study | Japan | During the past 10 years | Exclusion criteria: 6 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy or biopsy without the splenic vein specimens | CP | 12 | 5 | NA | 5 | NA | 48.8 | 0/12 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Friess et al. (1997) [32] |
Retrospective study | Greece | NA | NA | CP | 397 | 21 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Lin et al. (1997) [53] |
Prospective study | Taiwan | 1976–1996 | NA | CP | 90 | 5 | NA | 5 | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Bernades et al. (1992) [6] |
Prospective longitudinal Study | France | January 1980 and March 1990 | Inclusion criteria: patients who met the criteria of CP and who had been followed-up during observation; exclusion criteria: patients with cirrhosis. | CP | 266 | 35 | 10 | 22 | 3 | 40.5 (6–77) | 35/231 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Nordback et al. (1989) [35] | Retrospective study | Finland | 1972–1986 | NA | AP or CP | 1268 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
|
Rogers and Klatt (1989) [44] |
Retrospective autopsy case-control study | USA | January 1958 and December 1987 | Inclusion criteria: cases were included for study if acute pancreatitis was the immediate or contributing cause of death and the portal venous system (both splenic and portal veins) was examined completely at autopsy. Exclusion criteria: patients were excluded from study if there had been a splenectomy or if chronic pancreatitis was present microscopically. | AP | 72 | 11 | NA | 11 | NA | NA | 20/52 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Hofer et al. (1987) [45] |
Prospective study | USA | 1975–1985 | NA | CP | 50 | 11 | NA | 11 | NA | 50 (13–75) | 24/26 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Roesch et al. (1981) [33] |
Retrospective study | Germany | NA | NA | CP | 531 | 27 | NA | 27 | NA | 42.5 | 49/482 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Sibert (1978) [34] | Retrospective study | UK | NA | NA | HP | 72 | 5 | 2 | 3 | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| McElroy and Christiansen (1972) [46] |
Retrospective study | USA | NA | NA | HP | 26 | 5 | 3 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Gross (1958) [7] | Prospective study | USA | 1956 | NA | AP or CP | 125 | 2 | NA | 1 | 1 | 49 (6–75) | 34/91 | |
NA: the data are not available; AP: acute pancreatitis; CP: chronic pancreatitis; HP: hereditary pancreatitis; AIP: autoimmune pancreatitis; SVT: splanchnic vein thrombosis; PVT: portal vein thrombosis; SlpVT: splenic vein thrombosis; MVT: mesenteric vein thrombosis.