Table 8.

Efficacy of chlorine dioxide on Legionella pneumophila, viruses and various protozoa.

Organism	Temp (°C)	pH	CT 99.9%	Ref.
Giardia lamblia	25	6–9	11	[85]
Giardia lamblia	20	6–9	15	[85]
Giardia lamblia	15	6–9	19	[85]
Giardia lamblia	10	6–9	23	[85]
Acanthamoeba M3	30	8	0.5	[38]
Acanthamoeba M3 (infected with Legionella sp)	30	8	0.5	[38]
Acanthamoeba S2	30	8	2.1 *	[38]
Acanthamoeba S2 (infected with Legionella sp)	30	8	5.5 *	[38]
Acanthamoeba V1	30	8	0.4 *	[38]
Acanthamoeba V1 (infected with Legionella sp)	30	8	3.5 *	[38]
Vermamoeba vermiformis	20	7.6–7.8	300 *	[90]
Enterovirus	25	6–9	-	[85]
Enterovirus	20	6–9	6.4	[85]
Enterovirus	15	6–9	8.6	[85]
Enterovirus	10	6–9	12.8	[85]
Legionella sp.	ND	ND	0.08	[91]
Legionella pneumophila	30	8	0.4	[38]
L. pneumophila (in Acanthamoeba V1 co-culture)	30	8	2.8	[38]
L. pneumophila (in Acanthamoeba S2 co-culture)	30	8	0.9 **	[38]
L. pneumophila (in Acanthamoeba M3 co-culture)	30	8	2.4	[38]

* Only 1 log reduction (i.e., CT_90%); ** Only 2-log reduction (i.e., CT_99%).