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. 2015 Jun 25;6(3):451–468. doi: 10.3390/genes6030451

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic model of CRLs. Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) are multisubunit ubiquitin ligases built around a scaffold cullin subunit, which interacts at its C-terminus with RING domain ubiquitin ligase subunit Rbx1 or Rbx2, and at its N-terminus with substrate adaptor and substrate receptor. Higher eukaryotes express seven different cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7). Each of them interacts with a specific set of substrate adaptor and receptor proteins. In case of SCFs (Cullin 1 based CRL: Skp1-Cullin 1-F box) the substrate adaptor is Skp1 and substrate receptor is one of many F-box containing proteins [22]. CRL4 contains Cullin 4, Ddb1 as substrate adaptor and DCAF domain protein as substrate receptor.