ROS generation curves of sperm samples and effects of Asta, PP2, or both. Sperm from three volunteers for each experiment was collected to form a pool with a sufficient number of cells. Sperm was incubated for up to 180 min in capacitating conditions in the absence (C) or presence of Asta (2 μM), PP2 (6 μM), or both (Asta + PP2, 2 μM + 6 μM). Luminol chemiluminescence was monitored during sperm capacitation. Results are expressed as moving averages of Relative Luminescence Units (RLU)/30 s for 2 × 106 cells. Figure 1 is representative of 11 separate experiments, conducted on samples belonging to the control group (CG, panel A) or the patient group (PG, panel B). Detection was carried out in triplicate. Graphs in panel C show AUC of the RLU data in both groups. ** p < 0.01 vs. C; Student’s t test.