Table 2. Summary of Studies on Ghrelin/Ghrelin Receptor Genes Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Their Association With Overweight/Obesity and Related Health Outcomes a.
| Authors | Country | Subjects | SNP (rs Number) | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Takezawa et al. | Japan | 117 obese women | -1500 C > G (rs3755777)1062 G > C (rs26311)-994 C > T (rs26312) Leu72Met (rs696217) + 3056 T > C (rs2075356) | All these variants in ghrelin gene were associated with obesity parameters | (22) |
| Liu et al. | China | 1741 subjects (877 subjects with T2DM and 864 healthy subjects) | Leu72Met (rs696217) | There seems to be no significant difference in Leu72Met distribution between the two groups | (23) |
| Zhu et al. | China | 330 children (230 obese and 100 non-obese children) | Leu72Met (rs696217) | There seems to be no significant difference in Leu72Met distribution between the two groups | (24) |
| Leskela et al. | Finland | 23 MZ twins discordant for obesity (controls); 43 MZ twins concordant for normal BMI and 46 MZ twins concordant for obesity | Leu72Met (rs696217) Arg51Gln | These ghrelin polymorphisms do not affect neither total serum concentration of ghrelin nor the obesity predisposition | (25) |
| Takezawa et al. | Japan | 235 overweight/obese individuals (compared to healthy individuals in HapMap project or other studies analyzing east Asians | -1500 C > G (rs3755777)-1062 G > C (rs26311)-994 C > T (rs26312) Leu72Met (rs696217) + 3056 T > C (rs2075356) | These SNPs are shown to be related to obesity and its related lipidemic and glycemic parameters | (26) |
| Berthold et al. | Germany | 850 Caucasians (420 subjects with T2DM and 430 healthy subjects) | Leu72Met (rs696217) | Leu72Met was associated negatively with T2DM | (27) |
| Gjesing et al. | Denmark | 15854 unrelated, middle-aged individuals | Seven SNPs were investigated; among them: GHSR-151C > T | None of these SNPs were related to quantitative factors of obesity | (28) |
a Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GHSR, ghrelin/ghrelin receptor genes; MZ, monozygote; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.