Table 3. Multiple Logistic Regression Results for Multiple Chronic Health Conditions, by Sex, and Multiple Functional Limitations, by Age Subgroup, Participants Aged 65 or Older, National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2011a .
| Health Indicator | Multiple Chronic Conditions |
Multiple Functional Limitations |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Men | Women | Overall | Young–Old (Aged 65–75) | Old–Old (Aged ≥76) | |
| Education | ||||||
| High school | 0.84 (0.8–0.88) | 0.91 (0.85–0.98) | 0.80 (0.76–0.84) | 0.73 (0.70–0.76) | 0.71 (0.66–0.76) | 0.76 (0.71–0.81) |
| >High school | 0.85 (0.82–0.89) | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) | 0.79 (0.74–0.83) | 0.66 (0.63–0.69) | 0.62 (0.58–0.66) | 0.71 (0.67–0.76) |
| <High school | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic | 0.78 (0.73–0.83) | 0.68 (0.61–0.75) | 0.86 (0.79–0.94) | 0.82 (0.77–0.88) | 0.79 (0.73–0.86) | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) |
| Black | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) |
| Other | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 0.95 (0.86–1.04) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.93 (0.79–1.08) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] |
| Male | 1.30 (1.25–1.35) | — | — | 0.63 (0.60–0.65) | 0.61 (0.57–0.64) | 0.65 (0.61–0.69) |
| Age | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.07 (1.06–1.07) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | 1.09 (1.08–1.09) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Former | 1.61 (1.55–1.67) | 1.65 (1.55–1.76) | 1.59 (1.51–1.67) | 1.28 (1.23–1.33) | 1.29 (1.22–1.36) | 1.28 (1.20–1.36) |
| Current | 1.36 (1.28–1.44) | 1.44 (1.31–1.58) | 1.32 (1.22–1.43) | 1.60 (1.51–1.70) | 1.67 (1.55–1.79) | 1.4 (1.24–1.57) |
| Never | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Former | 1.22 (1.16–1.27) | 1.43 (1.32–1.54) | 1.18 (1.11–1.25) | 1.27 (1.21–1.33) | 1.29 (1.20–1.38) | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) |
| Current light | 0.74 (0.71–0.78) | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | 0.68 (0.65–0.72) | 0.76 (0.73–0.79) | 0.77 (0.72–0.82) | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) |
| Current heavy | 0.68 (0.62–0.75) | 0.78 (0.70–0.88) | 0.67 (0.56–0.82) | 0.87 (0.80–0.95) | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 0.75 (0.64–0.89) |
| Never | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] |
| Employment/occupation | ||||||
| Unemployed | 1.49 (1.39–1.60) | 1.37 (1.23–1.51) | 1.70 (1.54–1.87) | 1.88 (1.75–2.02) | 1.87 (1.72–2.03) | 2.02 (1.72–2.36) |
| Service worker | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) | 0.74 (0.55–1.01) |
| Farm worker | 0.92 (0.67–1.27) | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | 1.16 (0.57–2.35) | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 0.91 (0.63–1.34) | 1.40 (0.86–2.30) |
| Blue collar worker | 0.84 (0.74–0.97) | 0.75 (0.64–0.89) | 1.13 (0.86–1.50) | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) | 0.87 (0.73–1.03) | 0.73 (0.50–1.05) |
| White collar | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] |
| Obesity status | ||||||
| Underweight | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 1.36 (1.07–1.71) | 1.04 (0.93–1.18) | 1.38 (1.22–1.55) | 1.61 (1.34–1.94) | 1.27 (1.09–1.46) |
| Overweight | 1.32 (1.28–1.37) | 1.23 (1.16–1.30) | 1.38 (1.31–1.45) | 1.31 (1.25–1.36) | 1.26 (1.20–1.34) | 1.38 (1.30–1.46) |
| Obese | 2.11 (2.02–2.21) | 1.97 (1.83–2.12) | 2.17 (2.04–2.30) | 2.77 (2.64–2.91) | 2.77 (2.60–2.95) | 2.75 (2.54–2.98) |
| Normal weight | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | 0.79 (0.73–0.86) | 0.75 (0.67–0.84) | 0.84 (0.75–0.93) | 1.11 (1.02–1.20) | 1.15 (1.04–1.28) | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) |
| Living with partner | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 0.87 (0.67–1.12) | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 1.12 (0.92–1.37) | 1.20 (0.87–1.67) |
| Widowed | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.90 (0.83–0.97) | 1.08 (1.03–1.14) | 1.11 (1.06–1.15) | 1.15 (1.09–1.23) | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) |
| Divorced/ separated | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | 1.15 (1.07–1.24) | 1.25 (1.18–1.33) | 1.32 (1.23–1.41) | 1.11 (0.99–1.23) |
| Married | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] | 1 [Ref] |
| Survey year | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) |
Abbreviation: Ref, reference.
a
All values are odds ratios (95% confidence intervals).