Table 3.
Traditional and novel blood and urine tests to assess various kidney functions
| Kidney parameter | Test | |
|---|---|---|
| Glomerular filtration rate | Traditional blood and urine tests | Serum creatinine |
| Plasma clearance techniques | ||
| Potential novel markers | Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) | |
| Glomerular permselectivity | Traditional blood and urine tests | Serum albumin |
| Urine protein: creatinine ratio | ||
| Microalbuminuria | ||
| Potential novel markers | Urine immunoglobulin G | |
| Tubular damage or dysfunction | Traditional blood and urine tests | Serum creatinine |
| Serum electrolytes | ||
| Serum bicarbonate | ||
| Urine glucose | ||
| Urine amino acids | ||
| Urine protein: creatinine ratio | ||
| Urine specific gravity | ||
| Potential novel markers | Urine N-acetyl B-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) | |
| Urine retinol-binding protein (RBP) | ||
| Urine gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) | ||
| Urine cystatin-C | ||
| Urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) | ||
| Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) | ||
| Urinary clusterin | ||