TABLE 2.
Adjusted RRs for All Cancer and Site-Specific Cancer According to the Characteristics of Smoking in Men
| All Cancer |
Lung Cancer |
Liver Cancer |
Stomach Cancer |
Esophageal Cancer |
5 Minor Sites |
All Other Cancer |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Events | RR (95% CI) | No. of Events | RR (95% CI) | No. of Events | RR (95% CI) | No. of Events | RR (95% CI) | No. of Events | RR (95% CI) | No. of Events | RR (95% CI) | No. of Events | RR (95% CI) | |
| Smoking category | ||||||||||||||
| Never-smoker | 1631 | 1.00 (0.95-1.05) | 232 | 1.00 (0.88-1.14) | 207 | 1.00 (0.87-1.15) | 250 | 1.00 (0.88-1.14) | 179 | 1.00 (0.86-1.16) | 131 | 1.00 (0.84-1.19) | 632 | 1.00 (0.92-1.08) |
| Exsmoker | 654 | 1.15 (1.06-1.24) | 130 | 1.53 (1.28-1.81) | 75 | 1.11 (0.88-1.39) | 90 | 1.04 (0.84-1.27) | 63 | 1.08 (0.84-1.38) | 45 | 0.98 (0.73-1.31) | 251 | 1.12 (0.99-1.27) |
| Smoker | 6281 | 1.44 (1.41-1.48) | 1481 | 2.51 (2.37-2.66) | 774 | 1.32 (1.22-1.42) | 952 | 1.34 (1.25-1.44) | 768 | 1.47 (1.36-1.58) | 523 | 1.52 (1.38-1.67) | 1783 | 1.10 (1.05-1.16) |
| P (heterogeneity) | <.0001 | <.0001 | .0022 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .1007 | |||||||
| Age of starting smoking (mean) | ||||||||||||||
| ≥25 y (31.0 y) | 1940 | 1.30 (1.24-1.36) | 389 | 1.90 (1.72-2.10) | 216 | 1.13 (0.99-1.30) | 313 | 1.15 (1.03-1.29) | 266 | 1.52 (1.34-1.71) | 172 | 1.45 (1.24-1.69) | 584 | 1.09 (1.00-1.18) |
| 20-24 y (21.1 y) | 2251 | 1.47 (1.41-1.54) | 550 | 2.64 (2.43-2.87) | 293 | 1.43 (1.27-1.60) | 329 | 1.39 (1.25-1.55) | 266 | 1.48 (1.31-1.67) | 171 | 1.41 (1.21-1.64) | 642 | 1.10 (1.02-1.19) |
| <20 y (16.8 y) | 2090 | 1.61 (1.54-1.69) | 542 | 3.17 (2.91-3.46) | 265 | 1.46 (1.29-1.65) | 310 | 1.57 (1.40-1.76) | 236 | 1.40 (1.23-1.59) | 180 | 1.79 (1.54-2.09) | 557 | 1.14 (1.04-1.24) |
| P (trend)a | <.0001 | <.0001 | .0087 | .0002 | .3832 | .0497 | .4372 | |||||||
| Always inhaled into lungs | ||||||||||||||
| No | 4057 | 1.41 (1.37-1.46) | 891 | 2.28 (2.13-2.44) | 505 | 1.32 (1.20-1.44) | 643 | 1.33 (1.22-1.44) | 509 | 1.46 (1.33-1.60) | 357 | 1.56 (1.40-1.74) | 1152 | 1.10 (1.04-1.17) |
| Yes | 2224 | 1.51 (1.45-1.58) | 590 | 2.91 (2.68-3.17) | 269 | 1.37 (1.21-1.54) | 309 | 1.38 (1.23-1.54) | 259 | 1.48 (1.30-1.67) | 166 | 1.47 (1.26-1.72) | 631 | 1.11 (1.03-1.21) |
| P (heterogeneity)a | .0105 | <.0001 | .6313 | .6092 | .8971 | .5598 | .8143 | |||||||
| Cigarette equivalents/day (mean) | ||||||||||||||
| <15 (7.9) | 2170 | 1.31 (1.25-1.37) | 413 | 1.90 (1.72-2.10) | 275 | 1.30 (1.15-1.46) | 358 | 1.21 (1.09-1.35) | 330 | 1.37 (1.23-1.54) | 153 | 1.28 (1.09-1.50) | 641 | 1.11 (1.03-1.20) |
| 15-24 (19.2) | 2776 | 1.48 (1.43-1.54) | 702 | 2.68 (2.49-2.89) | 351 | 1.38 (1.24-1.53) | 422 | 1.45 (1.32-1.60) | 257 | 1.37 (1.21-1.56) | 256 | 1.66 (1.47-1.88) | 788 | 1.07 (0.99-1.15) |
| ≥25 (35.2) | 1335 | 1.72 (1.63-1.82) | 366 | 3.59 (3.22-3.99) | 148 | 1.32 (1.11-1.56) | 172 | 1.45 (1.24-1.69) | 181 | 2.04 (1.74-2.40) | 114 | 1.75 (1.44-2.12) | 354 | 1.20 (1.07-1.33) |
| P (trend)a | <.0001 | <.0001 | .7518 | .0258 | .0004 | .0092 | .4336 | |||||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.
This table excludes 969 participants with cancer at the baseline.
aThe RRs are relative to nonsmokers. Heterogeneity and trend tests were calculated within smokers.