TABLE.
Numbers and age-adjusted rates per 100,000 population of suicides by suffocation* among persons aged 10–24 years, by selected characteristics — United States, 1994 and 2012
| Characteristic | 1994 | 2012 | Annual % change† | p-value | Rate ratio | (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| No. | Rate | No. | Rate | |||||
| Overall | 997 | 1.8 | 2,077 | 3.1 | 3.0 | <0.001 | 1.8 | (1.6–1.9) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 871 | 3.0 | 1,545 | 4.5 | 2.2 | <0.001 | 1.5 | (1.4–1.6) |
| Female | 126 | 0.5 | 532 | 1.7 | 6.7 | <0.001 | 3.6 | (3.0–4.4) |
| Age group (yrs) | ||||||||
| 10–14 | 103 | 0.5 | 195 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.018 | 1.7 | (1.4–2.2) |
| 15–19 | 344 | 1.9 | 787 | 3.7 | 3.3 | <0.001 | 1.9 | (1.7–2.2) |
| 20–24 | 550 | 3.0 | 1,095 | 4.9 | 2.5§ | <0.001 | 1.7 | (1.5–1.8) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 676 | 1.8 | 1,326 | 3.5 | 3.3 | <0.001 | 1.9 | (1.7–2.1) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 109 | 1.4 | 216 | 2.1 | 2.9 | <0.001 | 1.6 | (1.2–2.0) |
| Hispanic | 110 | 1.5 | 360 | 2.6 | 2.9 | <0.001 | 1.8 | (1.4–2.2) |
| Asian/PI, non-Hispanic | 40 | 1.8 | 88 | 2.4 | 1.4§ | <0.001 | 1.3 | (0.9–2.0) |
| AI/AN, non-Hispanic | 40 | 8.9 | 82 | 12.2 | 4.9 | <0.001 | 1.4 | (0.9–2.0) |
| U.S. Census region ¶ | ||||||||
| Northeast | 186 | 1.8 | 323 | 2.8 | 2.2 | <0.001 | 1.6 | (1.3–1.9) |
| South | 312 | 1.6 | 704 | 2.8 | 3.0§ | 0.002 | 1.8 | (1.6–2.1) |
| Midwest | 239 | 1.8 | 535 | 3.8 | 3.9 | <0.001 | 2.1 | (1.8–2.4) |
| West | 260 | 2.1 | 515 | 3.2 | 2.7 | <0.001 | 1.5 | (1.3–1.8) |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; PI = Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian/Alaska Native.
Includes hanging.
Computed using joinpoint regression of annual suffocation suicide rates during 1994–2012.
Regression analyses indicated that models with more than zero joinpoints provided the best fit to the data for these three subgroups. For consistency, the average annual percentage change was computed as a weighted average of the annual percentage changes for each model, allowing for comparison across groups with differing numbers of joinpoints.
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.