Table 1.
Characteristics of patients (mean ± SD) at baseline and after 12 weeks of preload testing (n = 27).
| Characteristics | Baseline | After 12 weeks | Mean changes from baseline (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FBG (mmol/L) | 7.2 ± 0.8 | 7.0 ± 0.6 | −0.2 (−0.4 to 0.2) | 0.714 |
| 2 h-BG (mmol/L) | 12.2 ± 1.2 | 10.5 ± 2.0 | −1.7 (−0.6 to 2.5) | 0.013 |
| FPI (mIU/L) | 18.8 ± 13.5 | 16.9 ± 10.3 | −1.9 (−3.2 to 0.4) | 0.390 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.4 ± 0.3 | 7.1 ± 0.2 | −0.3 (−0.5 to −0.1) | 0.032 |
| Weight (kg) | 76.4 ± 11.5 | 75.5 ± 10.6 | −0.9 (−1.9 to 0.7) | 0.604 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5 ± 3.4 | 26.4 ± 3.5 | −0.1 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.672 |
| WC (cm) | 94.2 ± 10.5 | 93.4 ± 10.1 | −0.8 (−1.4 to 0.5) | 0.529 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2) | 0.644 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | −0.5 (−0.2 to −0.7) | 0.022 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.2) | 0.517 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | −0.3 (−0.1 to −0.5) | 0.018 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.5 ± 1.4 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | −0.7 (−0.2 to −1.1) | 0.047 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 2.1 | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.3) | 0.670 |
| HOMA-β | 56.4 ± 20.2 | 60.3 ± 24.0 | 2.9 (1.1–11.3) | 0.824 |
Normally distributed data expressed as mean ± SD and non-normally distributed data were log-transformed for use with parametric statistics. FBG, fasting blood glucose; 2 h-BG, postprandial 2 h blood glucose; FPI, fasting insulin; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-c, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CRP, c-reactive protein; HOMA-IR = fasting glucose (mg/dL) × fasting insulin (U/mL)/405; 95% CI, lower 95% confidence interval limit, upper 95% confidence interval limit. HOMA-β = 360 × FPI (μIU/mL)/[FPG (mg/dL) − 63].