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. 2015 Sep 28;6:1033. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01033

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Copyright © 2015 Blumenstein, Macaya-Sanz, Martín, Albrectsen and Witzell.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Venn-diagrams show the utilization patterns of carbon sources (divided in chemical groups) of three fungi as indicated by the color development data on BIOLOG plates Phenotype MicroArray (PM) 1 and 2A. All available substrates divided in chemical groups (number of individual compounds after the semicolon; A). Substrate utilization pattern by the endophyte Monographella nivalis var neglecta – a strong in vitro competitor of the pathogen, occupying the same niches in the tree and utilizing carbon sources more efficient than the pathogen (B), the pathogen causing Dutch elm disease, O. novo-ulmi (C) and Aureobasidium pullulans (D), a ubiquitous fungus with no detected competitive relation to the pathogen in vitro (Data modified from Blumenstein et al., 2015).