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. 2015 Sep 23;3:140. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00140

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Copyright © 2015 Choi, Constantino, Vedula, Trayanova and Mittal.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Blood transport analyzed using Lagrangian particle tracking. Red and green dots represent the atrial and ventricular blood cells, respectively. (A) Normal heart with SR activation; (B) normal heart with LBBB activation; (C) failing heart with SR activation; (D) failing heart with LBBB activation. SR, sinus rhythm; LBBB, left bundle branch block.