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. 2015 Sep 22;6:985. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00985

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Copyright © 2015 Chirullo, Pesciaroli, Drumo, Ruggeri, Razzuoli, Pistoia, Petrucci, Martinelli, Cucco, Moscati, Amadori, Magistrali, Alborali and Pasquali.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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LPS-treated piglets show an increased inflammation 4 h post STM14028 infection. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production was measured at different time points on blood samples from three different groups of piglets: treated with LPS and infected with STM14028 (group A); only STM14028 infected (group B); naïve control group (group C). At 4 h post infection, group A showed a significant increase in production of both cytokines compared to the B and C groups. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (^*P ≤ 0.1; ^**P ≤ 0.01, multiple comparisons-Fisher's Least Significant Difference test).