Table 1.

Association between CMV infection and disease progression and mortality in HIV infection in African children.

Author	Publication Year	Study Location	Population Studied	Findings
Vilioen	2015	South Africa	124 HIV-infected mothers and their babies	CMV is associated with increased HIV shedding in breast milk
Gumbo	2014	Zimbabwe	257 ART-naïve HIV-positive infants	79% CMV IgG positive by age 6 weeks. No increase in mortality associated with CMV
Tembo	2015	Zambia	303 pediatric inpatients, age 3 weeks to 2 years	CMV viraemia in 41%, associated with being underweight, HIV-positive, or suspected meningitis
Schaftenaar	2014	South Africa	405 ART-naïve HIV-positive children	CMV IgG in 100%, higher titres associated with lower CD4+ T cell count
Manicklal	2014	South Africa	748 neonates born to HIV-infected mothers	Congenital CMV in 2.9%, associated with maternal CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3
Mwaanza	2014	Zambia	395 neonates	Congenital CMV in 3.8%, maternal HIV associated with increased congenital CMV infection
Hsiao	2013	South Africa	425 HIV exposed infants	CMV viraemia is associated with pneumonia in HIV exposed infants
Zampoli	2011	South Africa	202 children with suspected PCP	CMV associated pneumonia more common in HIV infected children
Goussard	2010	South Africa	25 HIV-positive children with suspected PJP	CMV most likely cause of pneumonia and is associated with low CD4 counts and mortality
Slyker	2009	Kenya	64 infants born to HIV-positive mothers	Maternal CMV DNAemia is a significant factor for mortality in HIV infected infants
Roxby	2014	Kenya	141 infants born to HIV-positive mothers	66% acquired CMV by 1 year of age
Slyker	2012	Kenya	474 infants born to HIV-positive mothers	CMV induced T cell activation contributes to rapid disease progression in coinfected infants

The studies summarized are conducted solely in African children and published between 2009 and 2015.