Figure 5.

Effect of nutrient broth on gene expression in grapevine plants under greenhouse conditions. Relative expression levels of genes encoding the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1; A), PR-3 (B), PR-6 (C), lipoxygenease 9 (LOX-9; D) and osmotin 1 (OSM-1; E). Grapevine plants were treated with water (Control), nutrient broth (NB) or sulfur (Sulfur), as standard fungicide, for 3 days before pathogen inoculation. Leaf samples were collected just before inoculation (0), at one (1), six (6) and 13 days post-inoculation (dpi). Relative expression levels were calculated using the γ-chain elongation factor 1 gene (EF1-γ) as constitutive gene for normalization, and data were calibrated on control plants collected at 0 dpi. For each time point, mean levels of relative expression and standards errors from three replicates (potted plants) are presented for each treatment and experiment. For each gene, uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments and time points according to Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05) in Experiments 1 (Exp1) and 2 (Exp2), respectively.