Table 2.
Clinical evidence – involvement of the human microbiota in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis.
| Arguments on behalf of the involvement of intestinal microbiota in CD | Reference |
|---|---|
| Feacal stream diversion improves symptoms of CD | (62) |
| Reinfusion of luminal contents results in recurrent disease | (61) |
| Antibiotic therapy is associated with clinical improvement | (63–65) |
| Mucosal barrier defects and increased translocation | (66, 67) |
| Higher loads of mucus-associated bacteria | (42) |
| Higher concentrations of mucolytic bacteria | (53) |
| Decrease in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | (41, 46, 48) |
| Decreased concentrations of AMP | (68) |
| CD susceptibility genes: involvement in killing of intracellular bacteria and secretion of AMP | (69–75) |
| Siblings of CD patients exhibit mucosal dysbiosis | (76) |
CD, Crohn’s disease; AMP, antimicrobial peptides.