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. 2015 Sep 24;6:1432. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01432

Table 5.

Fixed-effect estimates of LMM for SFDs, comparing silent and oral reading.

Estimate SE t-value Estimate SE t-value
Mean oral SFD 5.514 0.021 266.02 Δ (s – o SFD) -0.221 0.029 -7.62
N-1 length Linear -0.812 1.365 -0.60 Δ (s – o) N-1-length 5.565 1.622 3.43
Quadratic 1.874 0.599 3.13 -0.613 0.648 -0.95
N-1 frequency Linear -0.340 1.177 -0.29 Δ (s – o)-N-1 frequency 3.613 1.169 3.09
Quadratic -2.683 0.627 -4.28 2.537 0.645 3.94
N-1 predictability Linear 0.601 0.554 1.09 Δ (s – o)-N-1 predictor -0.767 0.649 -1.18
Quadratic 0.388 0.556 0.70 0.083 0.628 0.13
N length Linear 7.583 1.564 4.85 Δ (s – o)-N length -4.165 1.597 -2.61
Quadratic -0.190 0.613 -0.31 2.011 0.672 2.99
N frequency Linear -0.897 1.617 -0.55 Δ (s – o)-) N frequency 2.284 1.648 1.39
Quadratic 5.156 0.701 7.36 0.098 0.737 0.13
Cubic -2.667 0.663 -4.02 1.478 0.682 2.17
N predictability Linear -2.970 1.052 -2.82 Δ (s – o)-N predictor 0.071 0.807 0.09
Quadratic 1.760 0.602 2.93 -0.041 0.617 -0.07
N+1 length Linear 0.954 0.900 1.06 Δ (s – o)- N+1 length -0.757 1.021 -0.74
Quadratic -2.717 0.571 -4.76 1.657 0.629 2.63
N+1 frequency Linear -3.244 0.944 -3.44 Δ (s – o)-N+1 frequency -1.215 1.061 -1.15
Quadratic 0.631 0.576 1.10 -0.926 0.649 -1.43
N+1 predictability Linear 1.138 0.568 2.01 Δ (s – o)-N+1 predictor 1.587 0.627 2.53
Quadratic 1.710 0.554 3.09 0.122 0.606 0.20
launch site distance Linear 11.128 0.546 20.40 Δ (s – o)-launch site distance 3.475 1.075 3.23
Quadratic 1.965 0.436 4.51 1.694 0.883 1.92
landing site Linear 11.547 0.623 18.53 Δ (s – o)-landing site -4.571 0.994 -4.60
Quadratic -1.803 0.532 -3.39 -2.259 0.858 -2.63
saccade size Linear 12.684 0.552 22.97 Δ (s – o)-saccade size -8.372 0.789 -10.61
Quadratic 2.484 0.421 5.90 0.690 0.684 1.01
N-frequency × N-1 freq Linear 3.962 0.444 8.93 Δ (s – o)-N- frequency × N-1 frequency -1.289 0.464 -2.78
Quadratic 1.650 0.440 3.75 -0.250 0.442 -0.57
Cubic -1.121 0.439 -2.55 0.444 0.449 0.99
N-frequency × N+1 freq Linear 1.461 0.431 3.39 Δ (s – o)- N-frequency × N+1 frequency -0.705 0.462 -1.53
Quadratic 1.234 0.484 2.55 -0.068 0.508 -0.13
Cubic 0.561 0.490 1.15 -0.543 0.514 -1.06
N-1 length × launch site distance -0.075 0.011 -6.67 Δ (s – o)- N-1 length × launch site distance -0.070 0.019 -3.75

Reading condition was specified as a treatment contrast with oral reading as reference. Therefore, main-effect coefficients in the left four columns represent mean and covariate effects (slopes) for oral reading; coefficients in the right four columns represent corresponding differences between oral and silent conditions (i.e., interactions between reading condition and covariate; differences in slopes between conditions). Thus, the sum of corresponding coefficients yields the effects for silent reading. Example: D (s – o) N-1-length: partial-effect estimate of difference between silent and oral condition for slopes associated with length of last word. Bold values indicate significant contrasts.