Table 2.

Expression of miRNAs and their target genes response to abiotic stress in Helianthus annuus.

miRNA/Target name	Drought stress						Heat stress						Salt stress				Cadmium stress
Tissue	Leaf			Root			Leaf			Root			Leaf		Root		Leaf		Root
	12 h	24 h	48 h	12 h	24 h	48 h	1.5 h	3 h	6 h	1.5 h	3 h	6 h	75 mM	150 mM	75 mM	150 mM	5 mg	20 mg	5 mg	20 mg
miR160	↓1.80**	↓2.87*	↓8.04*	↓1.41ns	–	↑1.80**	↑2.22**	↓1.75**	↓1.54*	↑2.54*	↓10.02**	↓16.27**	↑2.25**	↓2.7**	↓1.81*	↑1.16ns	↑2.21**	↓2.3538**	↑14.35**	↑14.85**
T160	↓8.57*	↓4.75*	↑2.54*	↓2.40ns	↓2.92ns	↑4.41**	↓6.49**	↑7.81**	↓1.09ns	↓1.36ns	↓1.23ns	↑2.15**	↑4.26**	↑1.58*	↑1.14n.s	↑1.67**	↑2.62**	↑5.15**	↑32.62**	↑47.42**
miR167	↓2.41*	↓10.19*	↓13.22*	↓4.28*	↓19.02*	↓9.67*	↑1.56*	↓1.39ns	↓2.10**	↑4.04**	↓9.96**	↓3.97**	↓1.56*	↓2.0**	↑1.68*	↑2.1**	↑3.69**	↑6.96**	↑322.35**	↑25.24**
T167	↓13.45*	↓5.12*	↓8.13*	↓1.55*	↓2.10*	↑1.86**	↑1.34ns	↓1.94**	↓2.33**	↓1.39*	↓39.39**	↓57.68**	↓1.67**	↓1.03**	↓1.03ns	↑1.23ns	↑1.46ns	↓1.57ns	↑22.51**	↑30.75**
miR172	↓6.38*	↓5.46*	↓6.64*	↑1.20ns	↑1.56ns	↑1.62ns	–	↓2.43**	↓1.20ns	↑2.37**	↓12.62**	↓2.16**	↓1.42ns	↑1.22ns	↓2.0ns	↓1.07ns	↑1.78**	↑1.005ns	↑14.27**	↑57.38**
T172	↓5.85*	↓10.37*	↓18.06*	↓3.86*	↓2.0*	↑3.03*	↑1.36ns	↓1.32ns	↓1.47ns	↑2.92**	↓9.18**	↓6.84**	↓2.44**	↓4.76**	↓1.70**	↓1.17ns	↓3.58**	↓2.03**	↑5.34**	↑32.96**
miR398	↓1.65**	↓3.60*	↓16.85*	↓3.32*	↓2.08**	↓7.63*	↑3.42**	↑1.82ns	↑2.68**	↑1.65*	↓8**	↓2.92**	↑11.31**	↑3.92*	↑20.40**	↑1.23ns	↓1.62**	↑1.62**	↑385.34**	↑123.43**
T398	↓5.55*	↓5.65*	↓10.02*	↓2.25**	↓4.51*	↓2.63*	↓10.07**	↑3.23**	↑1.01ns	↓2.28**	↑3.17**	↓1.28ns	↑1.65*	↓2.08**	↑1.44ns	↓2.27**	↓16.28**	↑1.37ns	↓3.83**	↑10.93**
miR403	↓2.87*	↓24.67*	↓5.46*	↓8.77*	↓1.21ns	↓10.99*	↑3.42**	↑1.72**	↑1.16ns	↑1.20ns	↓8.72**	↓2.96**	↑2.91**	↑1.18ns	↓1.19ns	↓1.41*	↑6.28**	↑1.02ns	↑52.62**	↑35.94**
T403	↓3.60*	↓6.72*	↓2.29ns	↓1.93**	↓2.33*	↑16.85*	↑2.63**	↑1.18ns	↓1.12ns	↑3.19**	↓1.31ns	↓1.360ns	↑2.83**	↓2.51**	↑2.46**	↑3.25**	↑1.07ns	↓1.03ns	↑22.12**	↑65.91**
miR426	↓3.19*	↓2.87*	↓5.06*	↓6.61*	↓1.41ns	↓4.0*	↑1.36ns	↓1.66ns	↑1.28ns	↑1.68**	↓38.71**	↓7.90**	↓1.46**	↓2.25**	↓1.11ns	↑9.19**	↑1.80**	↑1.17ns	↑11.65**	↑16.77**
T426	↓3.30*	↓3.08*	↓2.46*	↓1.83ns	↓3.03*	↑4.83*	↓1.59**	↓1.52*	↓1.96**	↑1.46**	↓14.84**	↓13.29**	↓1.94**	↓3.38**	↑1.04ns	↑2.11**	↓2.13**	↓2.03**	↑10.27**	↑14.75**
miR842	↓6.06*	↓10.02*	↓15.81*	↓5.37*	↑1.05ns	↓3.86*	↑1.93ns	↓1.47**	↓1.65ns	↓1.49*	↓24.11**	↓4.72**	↑1.19ns	↓10.7**	↓1.01ns	↑3.34**	↑1.34**	↑2.26**	↑10.87**	↑4.65**
T842	↓1.71**	↓1.168ns	↓3.30*	↓3.73*	↑1.53*	↑3.40*	↑1.09ns	↓1.16ns	↓5.99**	↓1.43ns	↓2.37**	↓1.67ns	↑1.65*	↑2.60**	↑4.50**	↑29.86**	↓2.34**	↓1.60ns	↑7.96**	↑32.96**

Sunflower seedling at the six leaf stages grew under normal conditions and leaves and roots of them were harvested as control then they treated by withholding the water for 12, 24 and 48 h. Plants treated at 42 ± 1°C for 1.5, 3, and 6 h. Plant subjected under NaCl treatment in two concentration, 75 and 150 mM. Plants treated with cadmium in 5 and 20 mg/L concentration. Number shows the fold change in relative to control. ↑ The expression is up-regulated. ↓ The expression is down-regulated.

^*Show that the t-test is significant as p < 0.05.

^**Show that the t-test is highly significant as p < 0.01.

^nsshow that the t-test is not significant.