FIGURE 2.

Activity levels of defense-related enzymes in tomato leaves in response to mycorrhizal colonization and pathogen infection. The tomatoes were pre-inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae and later inoculated with A. solani, the causal agent of early blight disease of tomato. Four defense-related enzymes are β-1,3-glucanase (A), lipoxygenase (LOX) (B), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) (C), and chitinase (D). Four treatments included: (1) CK: control plants without pathogen and mycorrhizal inoculation; (2) As: plants inoculated with A. solani only; (3) Fm: plants inoculated with F. mosseae only; (4) Fm+As: plants inoculated with both F. mosseae and A. solani. Values are means ± SE from three sets of independent experiments with three pots per treatment for each set of experiments. Significant differences among treatments were tested at P = 0.05 by Tukey post hoc test.