TABLE 1.
Influenza vaccination coverage among women who were pregnant at any time during October 2012–January 2013, by selected characteristics — Internet panel survey, United States, 2012–13 influenza season
| Characteristic | Unweighted no. | Weighted % | Weighted % vaccinated* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1,702 | 100.0 | 50.5 |
| Vaccinated before pregnancy | 239 | — | 14.6 |
| Vaccinated during pregnancy | 638 | — | 35.9 |
| 1st trimester | 273 | — | 15.7 |
| 2nd trimester | 200 | — | 10.6 |
| 3rd trimester | 138 | — | 8.1 |
| Unvaccinated | 776 | — | 49.5 |
| Age group (yrs) | |||
| 18–24 | 477 | 33.1 | 48.7 |
| 25–34 | 970 | 50.5 | 50.5 |
| 35–49 | 255 | 16.3 | 54.1 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 1,093 | 50.3 | 52.2 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 175 | 18.8 | 45.4 |
| Hispanic | 278 | 23.8 | 50.1 |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 156 | 7.2 | 53.1 |
| Education | |||
| Less than college degree | 844 | 51.8 | 43.9 |
| College degree | 656 | 36.8 | 57.3 |
| More than college degree | 202 | 11.4 | 58.5 |
| Married | |||
| Yes | 1,120 | 62.2 | 54.8 |
| No | 582 | 37.8 | 43.5 |
| Health insurance coverage | |||
| Any public | 659 | 41.8 | 50.0 |
| Private/Military only | 939 | 51.7 | 53.0 |
| No insurance | 104 | 6.5 | 33.7 |
| Working status † | |||
| No | 860 | 50.4 | 44.7 |
| Yes | 842 | 49.6 | 56.4 |
| Poverty status § | |||
| Below poverty level | 404 | 26.0 | 41.6 |
| At or above poverty level | 1,289 | 74.0 | 53.8 |
| High-risk conditions ¶ | |||
| Yes | 613 | 36.3 | 57.8 |
| No | 1,089 | 63.7 | 46.4 |
| No. of provider visits since July 2012 | |||
| 0 | 27 | 1.5 | —** |
| 1–5 | 682 | 41.6 | 48.0 |
| 6–10 | 598 | 34.9 | 53.1 |
| >10 | 395 | 21.9 | 53.1 |
| Reported provider recommendation and/or offer †† | |||
| Recommendation and offer | 895 | 54.6 | 70.5 |
| Recommendation but no offer | 270 | 16.7 | 46.3 |
| No recommendation | 455 | 28.7 | 16.1 |
| Attitude toward efficacy of influenza vaccination §§ | |||
| Negative | 430 | 25.2 | 9.8 |
| Positive | 1,272 | 74.8 | 64.2 |
| Attitude toward safety of influenza vaccination ¶¶ | |||
| Negative | 475 | 28.7 | 13.0 |
| Positive | 1,227 | 71.3 | 65.6 |
| Attitude toward influenza infection *** | |||
| Not concerned | 686 | 39.5 | 47.1 |
| Concerned | 1,016 | 60.5 | 52.8 |
Women who reported being vaccinated since July 2012 and being vaccinated either before or during pregnancy were defined as vaccinated. Overall, 2.9% of women reported vaccination after pregnancy and were categorized as unvaccinated during pregnancy. The revised estimates for the 2010–11 and 2011–12 influenza seasons using the 2012–13 definition were 44.0% and 47.6%, respectively (CDC, unpublished data, 2013).
Those who were employed for wages or self-employed were categorized as working. Those who were out of work, homemakers, students, retired, or unable to work were grouped as not working.
Below poverty were defined as a total of annual family income of <$23,283 for a family of four with two minors as of 2012, as determined by the U.S. Census Bureau (information available at http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld).
Conditions associated with increased risk for serious medical complication from influenza, including chronic asthma, a lung condition other than asthma, a heart condition, diabetes, a kidney condition, a liver condition, obesity, or a weakened immune system caused by a chronic illness or by medications taken for a chronic illness.
Sample size was <30; vaccination coverage estimates were not reliable.
Excluded women who did not visit a provider since July 2012 (n = 27) and women who did not respond or did not know whether they received a provider offer (n = 55).
Composite variable created based on responses to two questions regarding attitudes toward influenza vaccination: 1) “Flu vaccine is somewhat/very effective in preventing flu” and 2) “Agree/Strongly agree that if a pregnant woman receives the flu vaccination, it will protect the baby from getting the flu after it is born.” One point was given for each “yes” answer for either of the two questions. Respondents who had a summary score of 1 or 2 were defined as having a “positive” attitude, and those with a summary score of 0 were defined as having a “negative” attitude.
Composite variable created based on responses to three questions regarding attitudes toward influenza vaccination: 1) “Flu vaccination is somewhat/ very/completely safe for most adult women,” 2) “Flu vaccination is somewhat/ very/completely safe for pregnant women,” and 3) “Flu vaccination that a pregnant women receives is somewhat/very/completely safe for her baby.” One point was given for each “yes” answer to any of the three questions. Respondents who had a summary score of 2 or 3 were defined as having a “positive” attitude, and those with a summary score of 0 or 1 were defined as having a “negative” attitude.
Variable created based on response to a question regarding attitude toward influenza infection: “If a pregnant woman gets the flu, it is somewhat/very likely to harm the baby.” Respondents with a “yes” answer were defined as “concerned,” and respondents with a “no” answer were defined as “not concerned.”