TABLE 2.
Influenza vaccination coverage* among persons aged ≥2 years by current asthma status,† number of health-care visits,§ race/ethnicity,¶ health insurance coverage status,** usual place of care,†† inability to afford prescription drugs,§§ and income-to-poverty threshold ratio¶¶ — National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), United States, 2010–11 influenza season
| All persons | Without current asthma | With current asthma | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Characteristic | No.*** | %††† | (95% CI)††† | No.*** | %††† | (95% CI)††† | No.*** | %††† | (95% CI)††† |
| No. of health-care visits in past 12 mos | |||||||||
| 0§§§ | 5,804 | 14.7 | (13.4–16.2) | 5,576 | 14.5 | (13.2–16.0) | 228 | 19.7 | (13.8–27.8) |
| 1 | 5,713 | 29.8¶¶¶ | (28.1–31.5) | 5,407 | 29.3¶¶¶ | (27.6–31.0) | 306 | 39.3¶¶¶**** | (31.5–48.3) |
| 2–5 | 13,769 | 43.7¶¶¶ | (42.5–45.0) | 12,528 | 43.2¶¶¶ | (41.9–44.5) | 1,241 | 49.0¶¶¶**** | (45.1–53.0) |
| 6–9 | 3,211 | 51.4¶¶¶ | (49.0–53.8) | 2,836 | 51.3¶¶¶ | (48.8–53.9) | 375 | 52.1¶¶¶ | (44.7–59.8) |
| ≥10 | 4,023 | 55.9¶¶¶ | (53.6–58.1) | 3,377 | 54.2¶¶¶ | (51.8–56.7) | 646 | 65.7¶¶¶**** | (60.1–71.3) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic§§§ | 18,100 | 40.7 | (39.5–41.8) | 16,600 | 39.8 | (38.6–41.0) | 1,500 | 50.7**** | (47.3–54.2) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 5,009 | 33.7¶¶¶ | (31.5–36.0) | 4,450 | 32.3¶¶¶ | (29.9–34.9) | 559 | 44.8**** | (38.6–51.4) |
| Hispanic | 6,700 | 32.8¶¶¶ | (30.9–34.8) | 6,174 | 31.5¶¶¶ | (29.6–33.5) | 526 | 49.3**** | (42.4–56.7) |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 2,827 | 39.3 | (36.2–42.6) | 2,603 | 38.2 | (35.1–41.6) | 224 | 51.0**** | (41.2–61.7) |
| Health insurance coverage | |||||||||
| Covered§§§ | 26,794 | 42.7 | (41.7–43.6) | 24,390 | 41.6 | (40.7–42.6) | 2,404 | 53.6**** | (50.9–56.4) |
| Not covered | 5,738 | 17.8¶¶¶ | (16.2–19.6) | 5,343 | 17.2¶¶¶ | (15.5–19.0) | 395 | 25.8¶¶¶**** | (19.9–33.1) |
| Usual place for health care | |||||||||
| Yes§§§ | 27,899 | 42.0 | (41.0–42.9) | 25,319 | 41.0 | (40.0–42.0) | 2,580 | 52.0**** | (49.3–54.8) |
| No | 4,366 | 15.5¶¶¶ | (13.9–17.1) | 4,154 | 15.3¶¶¶ | (13.7–17.0) | 212 | 19.2¶¶¶ | (13.0–27.7) |
| Could not afford prescription drugs in past 12 mos | |||||||||
| Yes§§§ | 2,874 | 31.6 | (29.1–34.2) | 2,408 | 30.1 | (27.3–33.0) | 466 | 39.4**** | (33.3–46.2) |
| No | 29,748 | 39.2¶¶¶ | (38.3–40.1) | 27,407 | 38.1¶¶¶ | (37.2–39.1) | 2,341 | 51.5¶¶¶**** | (48.7–54.4) |
| Income-to-poverty threshold ratio | |||||||||
| 0–0.99§§§ | 6,326 | 33.1 | (30.8–35.3) | 5,644 | 31.3 | (29.0–33.5) | 682 | 46.9**** | (40.6–53.3) |
| 1.0–2.49 | 9,892 | 34.9 | (33.3–36.6) | 9,017 | 33.8 | (32.1–35.6) | 876 | 46.9**** | (41.7–52.0) |
| 2.5–4.49 | 8,230 | 38.4¶¶¶ | (36.8–40.0) | 7,565 | 37.3¶¶¶ | (35.6–39.0) | 665 | 50.3**** | (44.7–56.0) |
| ≥4.5 | 8,188 | 45.0¶¶¶ | (43.3–46.6) | 7,602 | 44.3¶¶¶ | (42.6–45.9) | 586 | 54.2**** | (48.9–59.5) |
Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
Estimates are based on interviews conducted during September 2010–June 2011 and vaccination received during August 2010–May 2011. Estimates are based on responses by an adult to the following survey questions: “During the past 12 months, has [person] had a flu shot? A flu shot is usually given in the fall and protects against influenza for the flu season,” and ”During the past 12 months, has [person] had a flu vaccine sprayed in his/her nose by a doctor or other health professional? This vaccine is usually given in the fall and protects against influenza for the flu season,” and “During what month and year did you receive your most recent flu shot?” and “During what month and year did you receive your most recent flu nasal spray?” or responses by an adult about a child to the following questions: “During the past 12 months, has [child] had a flu vaccination? A flu vaccination is usually given in the fall and protects against influenza for the flu season,” and “During what month and year did [child] receive his/her most recent flu vaccine?”
Current asthma (child): “Yes” response to the following survey questions, “Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that [child] had asthma?” and “Does [child] still have asthma?” Current asthma (adult): “Yes” response to the following survey questions, “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had asthma?” and “Do you still have asthma?” Without current asthma (child): “No” response to one of the following survey questions: “Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that [child] had asthma?” or “Does [child] still have asthma?” Without current asthma (adult): “No” response to one of the following survey questions: “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had asthma?” or “Do you still have asthma?”
Based on response to the question, “During the past 12 months, how many times have you seen a doctor or other health care professional about your own health at a doctor’s office, a clinic, or some other place? Do not include times you were hospitalized overnight, visits to hospital emergency rooms, home visits, dental visits, or telephone calls.”
Based on responses to the following questions: “What race or races do/does [person] consider [yourself/herself/himself ] to be? Please select one or more of these categories,” and “Which one of these groups, that is [read groups selected] would you say best represents [person’s] race?”
Health insurance coverage is at the time of the NHIS interview. Persons covered by Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, Indian Health Service, military health care, state-sponsored health plans, or other government programs are considered covered. Persons not covered by any of these are considered not covered. This pertains to overall health insurance coverage and does not address whether vaccinations specifically are included in the coverage.
Yes: “Yes” or “There is more than one place” response to the question, “Is there a place that you usually go to when you are sick or need advice about your health?” No: “There is no place” response to the same question.
Yes: “Yes” response to the question, “During the past 12 months, was there any time when you needed any of the following, but didn’t get it because you couldn’t afford it? Prescription medicines?” No: “No” response to the same question.
Income-to-poverty threshold ratio is based on family income using the U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds for different family sizes. Family income was imputed when information was missing, using a multiple imputation methodology.
Unweighted sample size.
Percentages and CIs are weighted proportions.
Reference group used for pairwise significance testing within characteristic group and current asthma stratum.
p<0.05 by t-test when compared with reference group within column.
p<0.05 by t-test for comparisons between “with current asthma” and “without current asthma” groups.